NFkB pathway

NF-κB transcription factors are a group of proteins that are typically sequestered in the cytoplasm in an inactive state. When certain external signals, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-α) or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), activate cell surface receptors, a cascade of events is initiated that leads to the activation of NF-κB.