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ID: ALA3400008
Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett
Title: Potent and selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors: discovery of GDC-0834.
Authors: Young WB, Barbosa J, Blomgren P, Bremer MC, Crawford JJ, Dambach D, Gallion S, Hymowitz SG, Kropf JE, Lee SH, Liu L, Lubach JW, Macaluso J, Maciejewski P, Maurer B, Mitchell SA, Ortwine DF, Di Paolo J, Reif K, Scheerens H, Schmitt A, Sowell CG, Wang X, Wong H, Xiong JM, Xu J, Zhao Z, Currie KS.
Abstract: SAR studies focused on improving the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the previously reported potent and selective Btk inhibitor CGI-1746 (1) resulted in the clinical candidate GDC-0834 (2), which retained the potency and selectivity of CGI-1746, but with much improved PK in preclinical animal models. Structure based design efforts drove this work as modifications to 1 were investigated at both the solvent exposed region as well as 'H3 binding pocket'. However, in vitro metabolic evaluation of 2 revealed a non CYP-mediated metabolic process that was more prevalent in human than preclinical species (mouse, rat, dog, cyno), leading to a high-level of uncertainly in predicting human pharmacokinetics. Due to its promising potency, selectivity, and preclinical efficacy, a single dose IND was filed and 2 was taken in to a single dose phase I trial in healthy volunteers to quickly evaluate the human pharmacokinetics. In human, 2 was found to be highly labile at the exo-cyclic amide bond that links the tetrahydrobenzothiophene moiety to the central aniline ring, resulting in insufficient parent drug exposure. This information informed the back-up program and discovery of improved inhibitors.
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