Discovery of orally active hepatoselective glucokinase activators for treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
Basic Information
ID: ALA4014286
Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett
Title: Discovery of orally active hepatoselective glucokinase activators for treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Xu J, Lin S, Myers RW, Trujillo ME, Pachanski MJ, Malkani S, Chen HS, Chen Z, Campbell B, Eiermann GJ, Elowe N, Farrer BT, Feng W, Fu Q, Kats-Kagan R, Kavana M, McMasters DR, Mitra K, Tong X, Xu L, Zhang F, Zhang R, Addona GH, Berger JP, Zhang B, Parmee ER.
Abstract: Systemically acting glucokinase activators (GKA) have been demonstrated in clinical trials to effectively lower blood glucose in patients with type II diabetes. However, mechanism-based hypoglycemia is a major adverse effect that limits the therapeutic potential of these agents. We hypothesized that the predominant mechanism leading to hypoglycemia is GKA-induced excessive insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells at (sub-)euglycemic levels. We further hypothesized that restricting GK activation to hepatocytes would maintain glucose-lowering efficacy while significantly reducing hypoglycemic risk. Here we report the discovery of a novel series of carboxylic acid substituted GKAs based on pyridine-2-carboxamide. These GKAs exhibit preferential distribution to the liver versus the pancreas in mice. SAR studies led to the identification of a potent and orally active hepatoselective GKA, compound 6. GKA 6 demonstrated robust glucose lowering efficacy in high fat diet-fed mice at doses ⩾10mpk, with ⩾70-fold liver:pancreas distribution, minimal effects on plasma insulin levels, and significantly reduced risk of hypoglycemia.
CiteXplore: 28284809
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.088
Patent ID: ┄