Inhibition Assay: The DAAO inhibitory activity was measured by assaying the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by reacting DAAO protein with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and D-alanine. The amount of H2O2 was determined by measuring the fluorescence generated on conversion of Amplex red (manufactured by Invitrogen Co.) into resorufin by the reaction of H2O2 with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 4 uL of 4% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) buffer (50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.5), 0.02% CHAPS) solution of the test compound was added to 384-well black, low volume plate, a mixed solution (4 uL) of recombinant human DAAO protein (15 nM), which had been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified, and 18 uM FAD was added, and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 15 min. After incubation, a mixed buffer (4 uL) of 2.25 mM D-alanine, 1.5 U/mL HRP and 150 uM Amplex red was added, the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 min.
Inhibition Assay: This test was performed by partially modifying the method of Philip et. al. (J. Biomol. Screen. Vol. 11, pp 481-487, 2006). HEK293 cells that stably express human DAAO were suspended in Cellbanker solution at 5×106 cells/ml and cryopreserved at −80° C. At the time of measurement, the cells were centrifuged at 1000 rpm for one min and the Cellbanker solution was removed. The cells were resuspended at 5×106 cells/ml in FAD-containing buffer (50 mM sodium phosphate [pH 7.5], 18 μM FAD, 0.02% CHAPS). A 4% DMSO buffer solution (50 mM sodium phosphate [pH 7.5], 0.02% CHAPS) of the test compound (4 μL) was added to a 384-well black, low volume plate, the cell suspension (4 μL) was added, and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 15 min. After incubation, a mixed buffer (4 μL) of 150 mM D-alanine, 1.5 U/mL HRP and 240 μM Amplex red was added to the plate, and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 min, and the fluorescence (excitation w
In Vitro DAAO Enzyme Assay: Human DAAO enzyme was supplied by the Takeda Pharmaceutical Company (Osaka) and each batch was tested and used at concentrations giving comparable levels of activity. The Km of D-Serine was measured for each enzyme batch to maintain consistency; this Km was used in subsequent assays.On the day of the assay compounds were serially diluted in DMSO before being diluted 1:20 with assay buffer (20 mM Tris ph 7.4). A 5 ul portion of assay buffer was added to the wells of a 384 clear base black-walled plate (Corning), 5 ul of diluted compound was then added via automated plate to plate transfer using the Bravo liquid handler (Agilent technologies) followed by 5 ul of human DAAO enzyme and then 5 ul D-Serine 50 mM was added to all but the negative control wells (final concentration of 10 mM). Finally 5 ul Amplex red reagent (Invitrogen) was added to all wells as per manufacturer's protocol. The plate was incubated for 60 minutes in the dark at 25° C., and the fluorescence in each well was measured in the Envision plate reader.