Biochemical Assay: The assay is based on the use of a probe of formula (IP) that binds to the NAD binding pocket and takes advantage of the significant change in the polarization signal observed upon binding of the probe to PARP-1, -2 and -3.The probe of formula (IP) was tested for its ability to bind FL PARP-1, -2 and -3 in a titration experiment. The assay performances were then evaluated (Zâ factor) as well as the displacement of the probe by its scaffold and known commercially available PARP inhibitors. In all of the experiments, the polarization signal was measured using a Saphire2 plate reader (Tecan). Data analysis was performed using Dynafit software. In particular, titration data were fitted to the following equilibria: Enzyme+probe <==> Complex Enzyme-probe, while displacement data were fitted to the following equilibria: Enzyme+probe <==> Complex Enzyme-probe, Enzyme+Compound <==> Complex Enzyme-Compound, whereby binding of probe and compound on the enzyme are mutually exclusive.
Biochemical Assay: Affinity evaluation of the tested compounds and their selectivity with respect to the different PARP isoforms of interest was assessed in a displacement assay.The identification of compounds capable of binding several PARP proteins is carried out through a screening method including the steps ofa) providing a reaction mixture containing:the PARP protein isoform under investigation,a compound of formula (IP): wherein R10 is hydrogen or methyl, B is (CH2)nNH group, n is 2 to 6; m is 0 or 1 and X− is a counterion, and serial dilutions of the test compound;b) comparing the polarization signal generated in the absence of the test compound with the one generated in the presence of different concentrations of the test compound, andc) evaluating the ability of the test compound to displace the compound of formula (IP) as defined above indicated from a decreased fluorescence polarization level. The polarization signal can be measured, e.g., by a plate reader such as the Saphire2 (Tecan).