Inhibition Assay: 5 μL of a human cathepsin S enzyme (R&D1183-CY-010) was added to a 96-well plate so as to be 20 ng/well. Next, 10-fold dilution of the test compound (a 10 mM DMSO solution) was serially performed with a buffer solution for assay (a solution of 50 mM sodium methoxide, 250 mM sodium chloride and 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), adjusted to pH=4.5 with 1 N hydrochloric acid) six times such that the final concentration becomes 0.1 nM to 10 μM then, 20 μL of each of the solutions was added to the wells (the final DMSO concentration was 0.1%), and 25 μL of synthetic substrate VVR-AMC (3211-V manufactured by PEPTIDE INSTITUTE, INC.) was added thereto such that the final concentration becomes 40 μM, thereby starting a enzyme reaction. A fluorescence intensity (an excitation wavelength: 380 nm and a fluorescent wavelength: 460 nm) was measured at 37° C. for 10 minutes immediately after the start of the reaction using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (SPECTRA MAX GEMINI, manu
Inhibition Assay: First, spleen cells collected from C57BL/6 mice were seeded in a 96-well plate so as to be a 1× 105 cells/well, then, 5-fold dilution of 10 mM DMSO solution of the test compound was serially performed with RPMI 1640 medium (including 10% fetal bovine serum (FCS), 5×10^−5 M 2-mercaptoethanol, 50 IU/mL penicillin and 50 μg/mL streptomycin) nine times such that the final concentration becomes 0.026 nM to 10 μM, and the resultant products were added thereto (the final DMSO concentration was 0.1%). At the same time, LPS (Sigma L4005) was added to the wells such that the final concentration becomes 2 μg/mL, and culture was performed at 37° C. for 48 hours in 5% CO2. After culturing, the cells were stained at 4° C. for 20 minutes with PE-labeled streptavidin (BD BIOSCIENCE 554061) and biotin-labeled YAe antibody (EBIOSCIENCE 13-5741-85) together with FITC-labeled anti-mouse B220 antibody (BD BIOSCIENCE 553088), and an expression level (fluorescence intensity of YAe-bioti