Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human HK-2 cells assessed as downregulation of uric acid-induced collagen-1 protein expression by Western blot analysis
Anti-hyperuricemic activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in serum uric acid level at 5 mg/kg, po administered via gavage once daily for 4 weeks (Rvb = 356.15 +/- 3.31 uM)
Inhibition of bovine XOD assessed as inhibition of uric acid formation using xanthine as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 30 mins by microplate reader analysis
Potency index, ratio of allopurinol IC50 to test compound IC50 for inhibition of bovine XOD assessed as inhibition of uric acid formation using xanthine as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 30 mins by microplate reader analysis
Anti-hyperuricemic activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in serum uric acid level at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage once daily for 2 weeks (Rvb = 318.16 +/- 3.31 uM)
Anti-hyperuricemic activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in serum creatinine level at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage once daily for 2 weeks (Rvb = 87.62 +/- 0.67 uM)
Anti-hyperuricemic activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as blood urea nitrogen level at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage once daily for 2 weeks (Rvb = 9.88 +/- 1.21 mM)
Nephroprotective activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in renal tubule dilation at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured after 21 days by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining based optical microscopic analysis
Nephroprotective activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in cytoplasmic vacuolation of renal tubular epithelial cells at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured after 21 days by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining based optical microscopic analysis
Nephroprotective activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as appearance of clear tubular structures at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured after 21 days by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining based optical microscopic analysis
Nephroprotective activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in connective tissue hyperplasia at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured after 21 days by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining based optical microscopic analysis
Nephroprotective activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in neutrophils infiltrations at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured after 21 days by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining based optical microscopic analysis
Nephroprotective activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in tubular-interstitial lesion development at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage and measured after 21 days by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining based optical microscopic analysis
Mixed type inhibition of bovine XOD assessed as decrease in Vmax with increase in Km at upto 20 uM using varying levels of xanthine as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis
Renal protective activity against po dosed adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in TGF-beta1 expression in kidney administered via gavage for 2 weeks by immunohistochemical staining based optical microscopic analysis
Anti-hyperuricemic activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in serum uric acid level at 10 mg/kg, po administered via gavage once daily for 4 weeks (Rvb = 356.15 +/- 3.31 uM)
Anti-hyperuricemic activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in serum uric acid level at 20 mg/kg, po administered via gavage once daily for 4 weeks (Rvb = 356.15 +/- 3.31 uM)
Anti-hyperuricemic activity against adenine and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia Kunming mouse model assessed as reduction in creatinine level at 5 mg/kg, po administered via gavage once daily for 4 weeks (Rvb = 76.87 +/- 0.67 uM)