Inhibition of full length human recombinant HDAC3 expressed in baculovirus infected insect S9 cells using Ac-Leu-GlyLys(Ac)-AMC as substrate after 30 mins by fluorescence assay
Inhibition of recombinant full-length HDAC3 (unknown origin) using MAZ1600/MAZ1675 as substrate assessed as release of 7 amino-4-methylcoumarin measured every 5 mins by fluorescence assay
Inhibition of HDAC3 (unknown origin) using Boc-Lys (acetyl)-AMC as substrate preincubated for 30 mins before substrate addition measured after 20 mins by UV-vis spectrophotometer analysis
Inhibition of recombinant His6-tagged GST-fused human HDAC3 expressed in baculovirus infected insect High5 cells using Ac-Lys-Tyr-Lys(epsilon-acetyl)-AMC as substrate after 24 hrs
Inhibition of HDAC3 in human U937 cells assessed as increase in histone H3 lysine-9 acetylation at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blotting method
Inhibition of HDAC3 in human PC3 cells assessed as increase in histone H3 lysine-9 acetylation at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blotting method
Enzyme Assay: Compounds for testing were diluted in DMSO to 50 fold the final concentration and a ten point three fold dilution series was made. The compounds were diluted in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM KCl, 0.001% Tween-20, 0.05% BSA, 201.1M tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) to 6 fold their final concentration. The HDAC enzymes (purchased from BPS Biosciences) were diluted to 1.5 fold their final concentration in assay buffer and pre-incubated with the compounds for 24 hours prior to addition of the substrate.The substrate tripeptide substrate 3 (synthesized in house) for each enzyme was equal to the Km as determined by a substrate titration curve. The enzyme and substrate concentrations used are given in Table 2. The substrates were diluted in assay buffer at 6x their final concentration with 0.3 uM sequencing grade trypsin (Sigma). The substrate/trypsin mix was added to the enzyme/compound mix, the plate was shaken for 60 seconds and placed into a Spectramax M5 microtiter plate.
Enzyme Assay: Compounds for testing were diluted in DMSO to 50 fold the final concentration and a ten point three fold dilution series was made. The compounds were diluted in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM KCl, 0.001% Tween-20, 0.05% BSA, 20 uM TCEP) to 6 fold their final concentration. The HDAC enzymes (purchased from BPS Biosciences) were diluted to 1.5 fold their final concentration in assay buffer. The tripeptide substrate and trypsin at 0.05 uM final concentration were diluted in assay buffer at 6 fold their final concentration. The final enzyme concentrations used in these assays were 3.3 ng/ml (HDAC1), 0.2 ng/ml (HDAC2), 0.08 ng/ml (HDAC3) and 2 ng/ml (HDAC6). The final substrate concentrations used were 16 uM (HDAC1), 10 uM (HDAC2), 17 uM (HDAC3) and 14 uM (HDAC6). Five ul of compounds and 20 ul of enzyme were added to wells of a black, opaque 384 well plate in duplicate. Enzyme and compound were incubated together at room temperature.
In Vitro Assay: In vitro HDAC assays were performed using a HDAC fluorescent activity assay kit (Biomol, UK) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Compounds were reduced prior to analysis; 1 mM compound was reduced with 30 mM DTT in DMSO overnight at room temperature, protected from light. Reactions were then set up in a 96-well plate. For each reaction 10 μl compound (5x required concentration in assay buffer) was mixed with 15 ml diluted HeIa Nuclear Extract (30-fold in assay buffer). 25 μl diluted Fluor de Lys substrate (100-fold in assay buffer) was added to each reaction, which were then incubated at 37 C for 1 hour. The reaction was stopped by addition of 50 μl Fluor de Lys Developer (20-fold dilution in assay buffer, plus TSA diluted 100-fold). The reactions were then incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes before fluorescence was measured using a CytoFluor Il Fluorescence Multiwell Plate Reader and CytoFluor Il software with filters set at 360 nM for excitation and 460 nM for emission.
Enzyme Assay: The reactions were carried out in a 96-well microplate for fluorometry in a 50 μl reaction volume. After the deacetylation reaction, Fluor-de-Lys-Developer (BioMol Cat. # KI-105) was added to each well to digest the deacetylated substrate, thus producing the fluorescent signal. The reaction was allowed to develop for 45 minutes at 30° C. with 5% CO2; then the fluorescent signal was measured with an excitation wavelength at 360 nm and an emission wavelength at 460 nm in a microplate-reading fluorometer (GeminiXS; Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.). A curve of Deacetylated Standard (Biomol, Cat. # KI-142; made from 100 μM with 1:2 dilution and 10-doses, 6 μl) allowed the conversion of fluorescent signal into micromoles of deacetylated product.
Activity Assay: HDAC assay is performed using fluorescently-labeled acetylated substrate, which comprises an acetylated lysine side chain. After incubation with HDAC, deacetylation of the substrate sensitizes the substrate such that, in a second step, treatment with the detection enzyme produces a fluorophore. HDACs 1 and 6 were expressed as full length fusion proteins. Purified proteins were incubated with 50 μM fluorescently-labeled acetylated peptide substrate and test compound for 2 hours at room temperature in HDAC assay buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1% DMSO, and 1% BSA. Reactions were terminated by the addition of the Developer after 2 hours, and the development of fluorescence signal, which was relative to the amount of deacetylated peptide, was monitored by time-course measurement of EnVision (PerkinElmer). The HDAC activity was estimated from the slope of time-course measurement of the fluorescence intensity.
Enzymatic Assay: Hydroxamic acid is a well know metal-chelating agent, especially for Zn atom. The hydroxamic acid moiety has been demonstrated as the key structural element in many highly potent and selective inhibitors against a variety of metalloenzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), Histone Deacetylase (HDAC), Peptidyl deformylase (PDF), A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM), UDP-3-O[R-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-GlcNAc deacetylase, Clostridium Histolytium Collagenase (ChC), Procollagen C-Proteinase (PCP), and Aggrecanase. Many of these metalloenzymes are well known important disease target, such as HDAC and MMP. All hydroxamic acid compounds exemplified in the application have been tested against one or multiple metalloenzymes. The following protocol is used to assay the compounds of the invention against the HDAC enzymes.The buffer used in this assay is 25 mM HEPES, pH 8.0, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2 and the substrate is Boc.