Chimera Preparation

Summary

A chimeric animal is defined as a hybrid animal derived from two or more distinct embryos. Mammalian chimeras are usually formed by the aggregation of two or more cleavage stage embryos, called aggregated chimeras, or by the injection of embryonic cells into the blastocyst cavity, called injected chimeras. Chimeric embryos are capable of developing into viable offspring with two or more cell populations of different genotypes after transfer to the appropriate reproductive tract of the female animal. There are two methods for making chimeras, namely, polymerization (including early embryo polymerization and ovoid polymerization) and blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) injection. Embryonic chimerism is a basic technology that must be involved in the production of knockout and chimeric animals, and it is also an effective means to test the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and the trans-importation of exogenous genes. The use of chimeric technology to study the growth and development of mammalian embryos, genetic control and the relationship between X chromosome inactivation and cell differentiation is of great significance to the study of developmental biology, immunology, genetics and livestock production technology.

Principle

The basic principle of chimera formation is to enable cells and cells or embryos and embryos to coalesce with each other, and the prerequisite for coalescence is cell recognition and adhesion. Only embryos with normal cell recognition and cell adhesion can develop into normal tissues, organs and individuals.

There is tissue specificity in cell recognition and cell adhesion, which means that when different embryos polymerize, the cells form chimeras not according to individuals but according to tissue specificity. Thus, cell recognition and adhesion in mammalian embryos make chimerism possible, and the tissue specificity of cell aggregation provides a theoretical basis for interspecies chimerism in animals.

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