designed experiment

Summary

Through the creative design of a functional animal experiment (including pathological models of animals), within certain experimental conditions and scope, complete the whole process from experimental design to hands-on operation. In the course of the experiment, observe various functional and metabolic changes in the experimental animals, and analyze and master the main causes and mechanisms of their occurrence.

Operation method

design law

Materials and Instruments

Rabbit, white rat, guinea pig
Saline Sodium pentobarbital Heparin Epinephrine Norepinephrine Isoprenaline Digitalis Toxin Propranolol Chlorpromazine Penicillin G Atropine Phenol Red Dexamethasone Methanol Ethanol
Biosignal Processing System Model 722 Spectrophotometer Centrifuge Ordinary Balance Rabbit Stand Rat Stand Iron Stand Wide Mouth Bottle Wide Mouth Beaker Triangular Beaker Measuring Cylinder Test Tube Syringe Surgical Equipment Tracheal Tube Tricorder Fixed Needle Artery Clip Stopwatch Cork

Move

I. Establishment of the topic

Based on the knowledge we have already learned or will learn in the near future, we will use the library and the Internet to check the relevant literature and understand the current situation of research at home and abroad. After the group's collective brewing and discussion to establish a scientific and innovative pharmacology experimental topic. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the animal experiment program should not be too large and detached from the real conditions, and should emphasize its operability. After the preliminary selection of the topic, the teacher will conduct a preliminary examination based on the purpose, scientific, innovative and feasibility of the design program, and then demonstrate the experimental program together with the students.
Second, the content and format of program design

On the basis of the topic, each experimental group should carefully write the design program of animal experiment in accordance with the prescribed format. The content of the design of the experimental program should be detailed and operable, the specific content and format requirements are as follows: ① title, class, designer; ② the basis for the topic (the purpose of the experiment, the significance of the problem to be solved and the current status of domestic and foreign research); ③ experimental animal species, sex, specifications and number; ④ experimental equipment and drugs (equipment name, model, specifications and quantity; the name of the drug or reagent, specifications, formulations and use of quantities), including the experimental equipment and medicines (equipment, model, specifications and quantity; drugs or reagents, name, specifications, Experimental equipment and drugs (name, model, specifications and quantity of equipment; drugs or reagents, name, specifications, dosage form and usage), including special instruments and drugs required; ⑤ experimental methods and procedures, including the technical route of the experiment, the process of the experiment, the specific operation of each research project, as well as set up to observe the indexes and indexes of the means of detection; ⑥ observation of the results of the record tabulation; ⑦ expected results; ⑧ difficulties and problems that may be encountered and measures to solve; ⑨ reference to the literature.
Experimental preparation

Students should make a budget list of animals, instruments and drugs required for the experiment according to the design plan of the experiment, and submit it to the instructor two weeks before the experimental class. For some special drugs or reagents, the company name of the supplier should be listed.
Pre-experiment

According to the experimental design program and operation steps carefully carry out pre-laboratory. In the process of pre-laboratory, students should do a good job of the original records of the experiment. After the end of the experiment, the results should be timely sorted out, find and analyze the problems and the need for improvement and modification in the pre-laboratory, and report to the teacher with the study. After getting the teacher's consent, they will be corrected in the formal experiment. If the teacher thinks that the pre-laboratory has basically achieved the purpose and requirements, that is, the experiment is declared over.
V. Formal experiment

According to the revised experimental design and operation steps to carry out formal experiments, and strengthen the coordination and cooperation of team members, and strive for success. In the course of the experiment, record the raw data of the experiment; after the experiment, organize and analyze the experimental results in a timely manner.
Discussion and analysis of experimental results

Each experimental group to summarize and process the experimental data, and briefly report the results of the experiment. And answer the questions raised by the teacher and other students.
VII. Write the experimental report
Grading

The grade of the designed experiment accounts for 10% of the total grade of the course. Specifically based on the scientific, advanced, innovative, and experimental quality of each group of designed experiments for scoring, the results accounted for 50% of the experimental grade; each student in the whole process of designed experiments in the specific performance, such as the degree of participation in the design of the program, hands-on experimental ability, the quality of the paper, the ability to answer questions for scoring. Extra points will be given to those who have made outstanding contributions to the group (no more than 2 students in each group); extra points will be given to those who are able to Bonus points will be given to those who can ask high level questions and those who can answer questions with quick thinking, accurate and clear language (no more than 2 per group).

Caveat

1. observe the rules and regulations of the laboratory, do not damage the instruments and equipment, and take care of the animals.

2. The self-designed experiments should pay attention to the feasibility while emphasizing their advancement and innovation, and should not be detached from the real conditions.

3. the experimental process shall not jeopardize human health and pollute the environment. 4. the plagiarism of non-compliant designs shall be prohibited.

4. Plagiarized plans that do not conform to the design will be disqualified from the experiment; students will be dispersed to other groups to watch the experiment if the group fails to set up the topic in time.The students will be dispersed to other groups to watch the experiment.

Common Problems

I. Request for Experimental Equipment and Drugs

The experimental animals should be selected from the four types of animals mentioned above; the experimental equipment should be selected as far as possible within the range of species provided above; the experimental drugs, in addition to the basic drugs mentioned above, can be proposed according to the needs of the experiment, but if it is not possible to purchase the drugs or reagents in time, the content of the experiment should be adjusted in a timely manner.

After the approval of the design of the experiment, the laboratory will be asked to provide a list of animals, experimental equipment and drugs.

Requirements and Grouping of Designed Experiments

1. Establish a good teamwork and collaboration spirit.

In the designed experiments, students will become the protagonist of the experimental class, through the combination of experimental instruments and animals, the combination of basic knowledge and experimental practice, will surely stimulate the creativity of students' experiments, especially to provide a stage for vertical and horizontal expansion of the knowledge learned and innovation. Therefore, it is also hoped that students can cooperate with each other, understand each other, complement each other's strengths and weaknesses, and form a good team spirit in the process of experimentation, because it is impossible for a designed comprehensive experiment to be completed by one or two students independently. In addition, the groups should also actively carry out mutual exchanges and communication, and develop a good spirit of mutual cooperation and collaboration.

2. Grouping of experiments

The design experiment is divided into 5 experimental groups, each group has 6-7 students.

3. Designing and Arranging Points of Contact

The whole process of the experiment is roughly divided into three stages: topic selection and feasibility demonstration stage; experimental operation stage; and result analysis.

(1) Selection of topic and feasibility demonstration stage: The selection of topic is mainly carried out by the students who use their spare time to consult the information. The starting time is decided by the instructor, and each group will complete the preliminary experimental design report with the help of the instructor; the feasibility study of the designed experiment will be carried out about 2 weeks later. First, the selected experimental topic will be formally examined (whether it conforms to the writing format of the experimental design report); then, the scientificity, innovativeness and feasibility of the experimental topic will be demonstrated.

(2) Experimental operation stage: The duration of the experimental class is 4 semester hours (pre-laboratory and formal experiment). Animal experimental operation should be completed within 2-3 hours as far as possible, and the rest of the time can be spent on preliminary organization, analysis and discussion of the results of the experiment. Furthermore, the experimental operation is, on the one hand, a test of the scientific 10.56 Tf and feasibility of the designed experiments; at the same time, it is also a test of the ability of students to complete the experiments independently, as well as a test of the ability to find problems and solve problems.

(3) Analysis of results: After the experiment, before writing the experiment report, carefully complete the organization, generalization, statistics and analysis of the results of the experiment. The completed experimental report will be handed over to the teacher who will score the whole design experiment and give a grade.

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