Action type |
Description |
Parent type |
ACTIVATOR |
Positively effects the normal functioning of the protein e.g., activation of an enzyme or cleaving a clotting protein precursor |
POSITIVE MODULATOR |
AGONIST |
Binds to and activates a receptor, often mimicking the effect of the endogenous ligand |
POSITIVE MODULATOR |
ALLOSTERIC ANTAGONIST |
Binds to a receptor at an allosteric site and prevents activation by a positive allosteric modulator at that site |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
ANTAGONIST |
Binds to a receptor and prevents activation by an agonist through competing for the binding site |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
ANTISENSE INHIBITOR |
Prevents translation of a complementary mRNA sequence through binding and targeting it for degradation |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
BINDING AGENT |
Binds to a substance such as a cell surface antigen, targetting a drug to that location, but not necessarily affecting the functioning of the substance itself |
OTHER |
BLOCKER |
Negatively effects the normal functioning of an ion channel e.g., prevents or reduces transport of ions through the channel |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
CHELATING AGENT |
Binds to a metal, reducing its availability for further interactions |
OTHER |
CROSS-LINKING AGENT |
Induces cross-linking of proteins or nucleic acids |
OTHER |
DEGRADER |
Binds to or antagonizes a receptor, leading to its degradation |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
DISRUPTING AGENT |
Destabilises or disrupts a protein complex, macromolecular assembly, cell membrane etc |
OTHER |
HYDROLYTIC ENZYME |
Hydrolyses a substrate through enzymatic reaction |
OTHER |
INHIBITOR |
Negatively effects (inhibits) the normal functioning of the protein e.g., prevention of enzymatic reaction or activation of downstream pathway |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
INVERSE AGONIST |
Binds to and inactivates a receptor |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
METHYLATING AGENT |
Methylates or participates in methylation (e.g., through donation of a methyl group) of a substrate molecule |
OTHER |
MODULATOR |
Effects the normal functioning of a protein in some way e.g., mixed agonist/antagonist or unclear whether action is positive or negative |
OTHER |
NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR |
Reduces or prevents the action of the endogenous ligand of a receptor through binding to a site distinct from that ligand (non-competitive inhibition) |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
Negatively effects the normal functioning of a protein e.g., receptor antagonist, inverse agonist or negative allosteric modulator |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
OPENER |
Positively effects the normal functioning of an ion channel e.g., facilitates transport of ions through the channel |
POSITIVE MODULATOR |
OTHER |
Other action type, not clearly postively or negatively affecting the normal functioning of a protein e.g., chelation of substances, hydrolysis of substrate |
OTHER |
OXIDATIVE ENZYME |
Oxidises a substrate through enzymatic reaction |
OTHER |
PARTIAL AGONIST |
Binds to and only partially activates a receptor (relative to the response to a full agonist) |
POSITIVE MODULATOR |
POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR |
Enhances the action of the endogenous ligand of a receptor through binding to a site distinct from that ligand |
POSITIVE MODULATOR |
POSITIVE MODULATOR |
Positively effects the normal functioning of a protein e.g., receptor agonist, positive allosteric modulator, ion channel activator |
POSITIVE MODULATOR |
PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME |
Hydrolyses a protein substrate through enzymatic reaction |
OTHER |
REDUCING AGENT |
Modifies a substrate via a reduction reaction |
OTHER |
RELEASING AGENT |
Reverses the normal functioning of a transporter, causing release of the substrate, rather than uptake |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
RNAI INHIBITOR |
Prevents translation of mRNA through binding and targeting it for destruction (e.g., siRNA) |
NEGATIVE MODULATOR |
SEQUESTERING AGENT |
Binds to a substance such as a drug, toxin or metabolite reducing its availability for further interactions |
OTHER |
STABILISER |
Increases the conformational stability of a protein or complex |
OTHER |
SUBSTRATE |
Carried by a transporter, possibly competing with the natural substrate for transport |
OTHER |
VACCINE ANTIGEN |
Delivers an antigen and promotes an immune response against the antigen e.g. activating the immune system towards cancer-specific biomarkers |
OTHER |