Determine the necessary mass, volume, or concentration for preparing a solution.
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
SKU | Size | Availability | Price | Qty |
---|---|---|---|---|
K120012-250mg | 250mg | In stock | $14.90 | |
K120012-1g | 1g | In stock | $44.90 | |
K120012-5g | 5g | In stock | $119.90 | |
K120012-25g | 25g | In stock | $538.90 |
Endogenous ionotropic / nicotinic antagonist
Synonyms | kynurenic acid|4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid|492-27-3|13593-94-7|4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid|Kynurenate|Transtorine|Quinurenic acid|4-Hydroxyquinaldic acid|4-Hydroxy-2-quinolincarboxylic acid|Kinurenic acid|Kynuronic acid|1,4-Dihyd | ||
---|---|---|---|
Specifications & Purity | Moligand™, ≥97% | ||
Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms | Kynurenic acid (KynA) is a non-selective antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA),α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors. It blocks kainic acid neurotoxicity. Kynurenic acid also blocks nicotinic acetylcholine r | ||
Storage Temp | Store at 2-8°C | ||
Shipped In | Wet ice | ||
Grade | Moligand™ | ||
Action Type | AGONIST | ||
Mechanism of action | Agonist of GPR35 | ||
Note | Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C. Generally, these will be useable for up to one month. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please visit our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page for more details. | ||
Product Description |
Kynurenic acid is a metabolite of tryptophan in mammals via the kynurenine pathway. Studies have observed that Kynurenic acid acts as a ligand to the GPR35 G protein-coupled receptor. The binding of Kynurenic acid to GPR35 has been noted to affect calcium mobilization and inositol phosphatase synthesis and may indicate potential signaling functions by Kynurenic acid via the GPR35 receptor. Additionally reported to be a broad spectrum, excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonist. Other studies have reported that Kynurenic acid acts as an antagonist to mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptors especially NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors).Kynurenic acid is an inhibitor of AChR α7, GluR and GlyR.
An antagonist of NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptors |
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
---|
IUPAC Name | 4-oxo-1H-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid |
---|---|
INCHI | InChI=1S/C10H7NO3/c12-9-5-8(10(13)14)11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9/h1-5H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14) |
InChi Key | HCZHHEIFKROPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Canonical SMILES | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C=C(N2)C(=O)O |
Isomeric SMILES | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C=C(N2)C(=O)O |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | VB2080000 |
Alternate CAS | 492-27-3 |
PubChem CID | 3845 |
Molecular Weight | 189.17 |
Beilstein | 147451 |
Reaxy-Rn | 147451 |
Wikipedia | Kynurenic acid |
---|---|
PubChem CID | 3845 |
BindingDB Ligand | 50001262 |
CAS Registry No. | 492-27-3 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:18344 |
ChEMBL Ligand | CHEMBL299155 |
RCSB PDB Ligand | KYA |
GPCRdb Ligand | kynurenic acid |
Enter Lot Number to search for COA:
To view the certificate results,please click on a Lot number.For Lot numbers from past orders,please use our order status section
Lot Number | Certificate Type | Date | Item |
---|---|---|---|
I2207837 | Certificate of Analysis | Sep 16, 2022 | K120012 |
I2207839 | Certificate of Analysis | Sep 15, 2022 | K120012 |
I2207840 | Certificate of Analysis | Sep 15, 2022 | K120012 |
I2207841 | Certificate of Analysis | Sep 15, 2022 | K120012 |
H2413049 | Certificate of Analysis | Aug 04, 2022 | K120012 |
K2208219 | Certificate of Analysis | Aug 04, 2022 | K120012 |
K2208222 | Certificate of Analysis | Aug 04, 2022 | K120012 |
K2208223 | Certificate of Analysis | Aug 04, 2022 | K120012 |
K2208224 | Certificate of Analysis | Aug 04, 2022 | K120012 |
Solubility | Soluble in water (partly), hot alcohol, DMSO (75 mM), 0.1 M NaOH (50 mg/ml), and methanol. |
---|---|
Melt Point(°C) | 275°C |
Pictogram(s) | GHS07 |
---|---|
Signal | Warning |
Hazard Statements | H315:Causes skin irritation H319:Causes serious eye irritation H335:May cause respiratory irritation |
Precautionary Statements | P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do - continue rinsing. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P302+P352:IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of water. P321:Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P501:Dispose of contents/container to ... P264:Wash hands [and …] thoroughly after handling. P362:Take off contaminated clothing. P270:Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P337+P313:IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P332+P313:IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P330:Rinse mouth. P301+P312:IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER/doctor/... IF you feel unwell. |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | VB2080000 |
Reaxy-Rn | 147451 |
Merck Index | 5327 |
1. Wang J, Simonavicius N, Wu X, Swaminath G, Reagan J, Tian H, Ling L. (2006) Kynurenic acid as a ligand for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35.. J Biol Chem, 281 (31): (22021-8). [PMID:16754668] |
2. Moroni F, Cozzi A, Sili M, Mannaioni G. (2012) Kynurenic acid: a metabolite with multiple actions and multiple targets in brain and periphery.. J Neural Transm (Vienna), 119 (2): (133-9). [PMID:22215208] |
3. Wirthgen E, Hoeflich A. (2015) Endotoxin-Induced Tryptophan Degradation along the Kynurenine Pathway: The Role of Indolamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Immunosuppressive Effects in Endotoxin Tolerance and Cancer and Its Implications for Immunoparalysis.. J Amino Acids, 2015 (3): (973548). [PMID:26881062] |
4. Atterbury A & Wall MJ. (2011) A population of immature cerebellar parallel fibre synapses are insensitive to adenosine but are inhibited by hypoxia.. Neuropharmacology, 61 (4): (880-8). [PMID:21693125] |
5. Wu PY et al.. (2013) Acid-sensing ion channel-1a is not required for normal hippocampal LTP and spatial memory.. J Neurosci, 33 (5): (1828-32). [PMID:23365222] |
6. Losi G et al.. (2010) A new experimental model of focal seizures in the entorhinal cortex.. Epilepsia, 51 (8): (1493-502). [PMID:20067512] |
7. Atterbury A & Wall MJ. (2009) Adenosine signalling at immature parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses in rat cerebellum.. J Physiol, 587 (Pt 18): (4497-508). [PMID:19651764] |
8. Christian CA & Huguenard JR. (2013) Astrocytes potentiate GABAergic transmission in the thalamic reticular nucleus via endozepine signaling.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110 (50): (20278-83). [PMID:24262146] |
9. Pleil KE et al.. (2012) Chronic stress alters neuropeptide Y signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in DBA/2J but not C57BL/6J mice.. Neuropharmacology, 62 (4): (1777-86). [PMID:22182779] |
10. Kupchik YM et al.. (2014) Cocaine dysregulates opioid gating of GABA neurotransmission in the ventral pallidum.. J Neurosci, 34 (3): (1057-66). [PMID:24431463] |
11. Rudolph S et al.. (2011) Desynchronization of multivesicular release enhances Purkinje cell output.. Neuron, 70 (5): (991-1004). [PMID:21658590] |
12. Barnes JL et al.. (2020) Developmentally Transient CB1Rs on Cerebellar Afferents Suppress Afferent Input, Downstream Synaptic Excitation, and Signaling to Migrating Neurons.. J Neurosci, 40 (32): (6133-6145). [PMID:32631938] |
13. Giesbrecht CJ et al.. (2010) Countervailing modulation of Ih by neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin-releasing factor in basolateral amygdala as a possible mechanism for their effects on stress-related behaviors.. J Neurosci, 30 (50): (16970-82). [PMID:21159967] |
14. Perin M et al.. (2014) Diurnal inhibition of NMDA-EPSCs at rat hippocampal mossy fibre synapses through orexin-2 receptors.. J Physiol, 592 (Pt 19): (4277-95). [PMID:25085886] |
15. Gunn BG et al.. (2013) Dysfunctional astrocytic and synaptic regulation of hypothalamic glutamatergic transmission in a mouse model of early-life adversity: relevance to neurosteroids and programming of the stress response.. J Neurosci, 33 (50): (19534-54). [PMID:24336719] |
16. Grauert A et al.. (2014) Endogenous zinc depresses GABAergic transmission via T-type Ca(2+) channels and broadens the time window for integration of glutamatergic inputs in dentate granule cells.. J Physiol, 592 (Pt 1): (67-86). [PMID:24081159] |
17. Hiu T et al.. (2016) Enhanced phasic GABA inhibition during the repair phase of stroke: a novel therapeutic target.. Brain, 139 (Pt 2): (468-80). [PMID:26685158] |
18. Heubl M et al.. (2017) GABAA receptor dependent synaptic inhibition rapidly tunes KCC2 activity via the Cl--sensitive WNK1 kinase.. Nat Commun, 8 (1776). [PMID:29176664] |
19. Zarnowska ED et al.. (2015) Etomidate blocks LTP and impairs learning but does not enhance tonic inhibition in mice carrying the N265M point mutation in the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor.. Neuropharmacology, 93 (171-178). [PMID:25680234] |
20. Adrover MF et al.. (2014) Glutamate and dopamine transmission from midbrain dopamine neurons share similar release properties but are differentially affected by cocaine.. J Neurosci, 34 (9): (3183-92). [PMID:24573277] |
21. Félix-Oliveira A et al.. (2014) Homeostatic plasticity induced by brief activity deprivation enhances long-term potentiation in the mature rat hippocampus.. J Neurophysiol, 112 (11): (3012-22). [PMID:25210161] |
22. Jin Z et al.. (2011) Insulin reduces neuronal excitability by turning on GABA(A) channels that generate tonic current.. PLoS One, 6 (e16188). [PMID:21264261] |
23. Gómez-Gonzalo M et al.. (2011) Ictal but not interictal epileptic discharges activate astrocyte endfeet and elicit cerebral arteriole responses.. Front Cell Neurosci, 5 (8). [PMID:21747758] |
24. Shin JH et al.. (2015) Muscarinic regulation of dopamine and glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 112 (26): (8124-9). [PMID:26080439] |
25. Kaplan JS et al.. (2013) Opposite actions of alcohol on tonic GABAA receptor currents mediated by nNOS and PKC activity.. Nat Neurosci, 16 (12): (1783-93). [PMID:24162656] |
26. Atanasova M et al.. (2013) Strain-dependent effects of long-term treatment with melatonin on kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, oxidative stress and the expression of heat shock proteins.. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 111 (44-50). [PMID:23978502] |
27. Bock R et al.. (2013) Strengthening the accumbal indirect pathway promotes resilience to compulsive cocaine use.. Nat Neurosci, 16 (5): (632-8). [PMID:23542690] |
28. Klyuch BP et al.. (2011) The dynamics of single spike-evoked adenosine release in the cerebellum.. J Physiol, 589 (Pt 2): (283-95). [PMID:21078589] |
29. Huang L & van Luijtelaar G. (2013) The effects of responsive and scheduled subicular high frequency stimulation in the intra-hippocampal kainic acid seizure model.. Epilepsy Res, 106 (3): (326-37). [PMID:23899954] |
30. Maguire EP et al.. (2014) Tonic inhibition of accumbal spiny neurons by extrasynaptic a4ßd GABAA receptors modulates the actions of psychostimulants.. J Neurosci, 34 (3): (823-38). [PMID:24431441] |