Mesalamine (5-Aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA, Mesalazine, Apriso, Asacol, Pentasa, Canasa) is a specific inhibitor of TNFα-inducedIKKactivity, used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro
Mesalamine inhibits the enzyme 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, involved in the reversible conversion between DHP and THP, and therefore may affect the local actions of DHP and THP in the brain. Mesalamine, an anti-inflammatory aminosalicylate, dose-dependently inhibits IL-1-stimulated NF-kappaB-dependent transcription without preventing IkappaB degradation or nuclear translocation and DNA binding of the transcriptionally active NF-kappaB proteins, RelA, c-Rel, or RelB. Mesalamine is found to inhibit IL-1-stimulated RelA phosphorylation. Mesalamine increases cell adhesion which is measured by cell adhesion assay and transcellular-resistance measurement. Mesalamine treatment restores membranous expression of adhesion molecules E-cadherin and β-catenin. Mesalamine or sulfasalazine (2 mM), but not sulfapyridine, significantly reduces the expression of the TC22 transcript and significantly reduces the expression of TC22 protein in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Mesalamine induces membranous expression of E-cadherin and increases intercellular adhesion. Mesalamine activity modulates E-cadherin glycosylation and increases both mRNA and protein levels of GnT-III and its activity as detected by increased E4-lectin reactivity. Mesalamine (0.1-1 mM) shows considerable inhibition of peroxynitrite-mediated luminol chemiluminescence in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting that Mesalamine is able to directly scavenge the peroxynitrite. Mesalamine only at higher concentration (1 mM) inhibits the hydroxyl radical adduct while shifting Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra.
