QS-21, an immunostimulatory saponin, could be used as a potent vaccine adjuvant. QS-21 stimulates Th2 humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immune responses through action on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. QS-21 can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome with subsequent release of caspase-1 dependent cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18
In Vivo
Studies in mouse APCs (DCs and macrophages) identifie QS-21 as an activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and cause subsequent release of caspase-1 dependent proinflammatory cytokines I1-1β/I1-18 that can promote Th 17 cell maturation or drive INF-γ-mediated Th1 responses, respectively. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.