Rutile titanium(IV) oxide, also called titanium dioxide, is a fine powder with a particle size less than 100 nm. This titanium adopts the rutile crystal structure and is a white, opaque, crystalline solid with a high refractive index. It is widely used as a pigment in paints, plastics, paper, and cosmetics. Rutile titanium dioxide nanopowder has a high surface area, making it more reactive and effective in a range of applications. It is resistant to heat and chemical attack, making it suitable for use in high-temperature and corrosive environments.