ID: ALA5315124

Max Phase: Approved

First Approval: 1996

Molecular Formula: C36H42F2N6O9

Molecular Weight: 361.37

Molecule Type: Small molecule

Representations

Synonyms (10): Cravit | L-ofloxacin | Levofloxacin | Levofloxacin (as hemihydrate) | Levofloxacin hydrate | Nofaxin | Ofloxacin, (s)- | Volequin | DR-3355 | RWJ-25213
Synonyms from Alternative Forms(10):

Trade Names(8): Evoxil | Iquix | Levaquin | Levofloxacin | Oftaquix | Quinsair | Quixin | Tavanic

Canonical SMILES:  C[C@H]1COc2c(N3CCN(C)CC3)c(F)cc3c(=O)c(C(=O)O)cn1c23.C[C@H]1COc2c(N3CCN(C)CC3)c(F)cc3c(=O)c(C(=O)O)cn1c23.O

Standard InChI:  InChI=1S/2C18H20FN3O4.H2O/c2*1-10-9-26-17-14-11(16(23)12(18(24)25)8-22(10)14)7-13(19)15(17)21-5-3-20(2)4-6-21;/h2*7-8,10H,3-6,9H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25);1H2/t2*10-;/m00./s1

Standard InChI Key:  SUIQUYDRLGGZOL-RCWTXCDDSA-N

Molecule Features

Natural Product: No

Oral: Yes

Chemical Probe: No

Parenteral: Yes

Molecule Type: Small molecule

Topical: Yes

First In Class: No

Black Box: Yes

Chirality: Yes

Availability: Yes

Prodrug: No

Properties

Molecular Weight: 361.37

Molecular Weight (Monoisotopic): 361.1438

AlogP: 1.54

#Rotatable Bonds: 2

Polar Surface Area: 75.01

Molecular Species: ACID

HBA: 6

HBD: 1

#RO5 Violations: 0

HBA (Lipinski): 7

HBD (Lipinski): 1

#RO5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

CX Acidic pKa: 5.29

CX Basic pKa: 6.16

CX LogP: 0.51

CX LogD: -0.47

Aromatic Rings: 2

Heavy Atoms: 26

QED Weighted: 0.87

Np Likeness Score: -0.21

References

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75. Hotomi M, Fujihara K, Billal DS, Suzuki K, Nishimura T, Baba S, Yamanaka N..  (2007)  Genetic characteristics and clonal dissemination of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from the upper respiratory tract of patients in Japan.,  51  (11): [PMID:17698631] [10.1128/aac.00422-07]

76. Henrichfreise B, Wiegand I, Luhmer-Becker I, Wiedemann B..  (2007)  Development of resistance in wild-type and hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains exposed to clinical pharmacokinetic profiles of meropenem and ceftazidime simulated in vitro.,  51  (10): [PMID:17682103] [10.1128/aac.00160-07]

77. Shin JH, Jung HJ, Kim HR, Jeong J, Jeong SH, Kim S, Lee EY, Lee JN, Chang CL..  (2007)  Prevalence, characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae at five tertiary-care hospitals in Korea.,  51  (7): [PMID:17502407] [10.1128/aac.00107-07]

78. Trampuz A, Murphy CK, Rothstein DM, Widmer AF, Landmann R, Zimmerli W..  (2007)  Efficacy of a novel rifamycin derivative, ABI-0043, against Staphylococcus aureus in an experimental model of foreign-body infection.,  51  (7): [PMID:17502404] [10.1128/aac.00120-07]

79. Périchon B, Courvalin P, Galimand M..  (2007)  Transferable resistance to aminoglycosides by methylation of G1405 in 16S rRNA and to hydrophilic fluoroquinolones by QepA-mediated efflux in Escherichia coli.,  51  (7): [PMID:17470656] [10.1128/aac.00143-07]

80. Yum JH, Kim CK, Yong D, Lee K, Chong Y, Kim CM, Kim JM, Ro S, Cho JM..  (2007)  In vitro activities of CG400549, a novel FabI inhibitor, against recently isolated clinical staphylococcal strains in Korea.,  51  (7): [PMID:17420210] [10.1128/aac.01562-06]

81. Griffith ME, Moon JE, Johnson EN, Clark KP, Hawley JS, Hospenthal DR, Murray CK..  (2007)  Efficacy of fluoroquinolones against Leptospira interrogans in a hamster model.,  51  (7): [PMID:17470646] [10.1128/aac.00240-07]

82. Mendes RE, Castanheira M, Toleman MA, Sader HS, Jones RN, Walsh TR..  (2007)  Characterization of an integron carrying blaIMP-1 and a new aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6')-31, and its dissemination among genetically unrelated clinical isolates in a Brazilian hospital.,  51  (7): [PMID:17470660] [10.1128/aac.00838-06]

83. Critchley IA, Brown SD, Traczewski MM, Tillotson GS, Janjic N..  (2007)  National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.,  51  (12): [PMID:17908940] [10.1128/aac.00971-07]

84. Clark CL, Kosowska-Shick K, Ednie LM, Appelbaum PC..  (2007)  Capability of 11 antipneumococcal antibiotics to select for resistance by multistep and single-step methodologies.,  51  (11): [PMID:17876003] [10.1128/aac.00827-07]

85. Morio F, Jean-Pierre H, Dubreuil L, Jumas-Bilak E, Calvet L, Mercier G, Devine R, Marchandin H..  (2007)  Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.,  51  (12): [PMID:17923492] [10.1128/aac.00538-07]

86. Morozumi M, Iwata S, Hasegawa K, Chiba N, Takayanagi R, Matsubara K, Nakayama E, Sunakawa K, Ubukata K, Acute Respiratory Diseases Study Group..  (2008)  Increased macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia.,  52  (1): [PMID:17954691] [10.1128/aac.00779-07]

87. Quiroga MP, Andres P, Petroni A, Soler Bistué AJ, Guerriero L, Vargas LJ, Zorreguieta A, Tokumoto M, Quiroga C, Tolmasky ME, Galas M, Centrón D..  (2007)  Complex class 1 integrons with diverse variable regions, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, and a novel allele, qnrB10, associated with ISCR1 in clinical enterobacterial isolates from Argentina.,  51  (12): [PMID:17938184] [10.1128/aac.00726-07]

88. Clark C, Smith K, Ednie L, Bogdanovich T, Dewasse B, McGhee P, Appelbaum PC..  (2008)  In vitro activity of DC-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.,  52  (1): [PMID:17938189] [10.1128/aac.01229-07]

89. Zhu W, Clark NC, McDougal LK, Hageman J, McDonald LC, Patel JB..  (2008)  Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with Inc18-like vanA plasmids in Michigan.,  52  (2): [PMID:18056272] [10.1128/aac.00908-07]

90. Varma MV, Feng B, Obach RS, Troutman MD, Chupka J, Miller HR, El-Kattan A..  (2009)  Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.,  52  (15): [PMID:19445515] [10.1021/jm900403j]

91. Damier-Piolle L, Magnet S, Brémont S, Lambert T, Courvalin P..  (2008)  AdeIJK, a resistance-nodulation-cell division pump effluxing multiple antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii.,  52  (2): [PMID:18086852] [10.1128/aac.00732-07]

92. Homma T, Hori T, Sugimori G, Yamano Y..  (2007)  Pharmacodynamic assessment based on mutant prevention concentrations of fluoroquinolones to prevent the emergence of resistant mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae.,  51  (11): [PMID:17664314] [10.1128/aac.01372-06]

93. Morgan-Linnell SK, Zechiedrich L..  (2007)  Contributions of the combined effects of topoisomerase mutations toward fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli.,  51  (11): [PMID:17682104] [10.1128/aac.00647-07]

94. Zong Z, Partridge SR, Iredell JR..  (2008)  RmtC 16S rRNA methyltransferase in Australia.,  52  (2): [PMID:18025117] [10.1128/aac.01399-07]

95. Louie A, Brown DL, Liu W, Kulawy RW, Deziel MR, Drusano GL..  (2007)  In vitro infection model characterizing the effect of efflux pump inhibition on prevention of resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.,  51  (11): [PMID:17846144] [10.1128/aac.00391-07]

96. Yan Q, Cao R, Yi W, Chen Z, Wen H, Ma L, Song H..  (2009)  Inhibitory effects of 5-benzylidene barbiturate derivatives on mushroom tyrosinase and their antibacterial activities.,  44  (10): [PMID:19552984] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.05.023]

97. Azéma J, Guidetti B, Dewelle J, Le Calve B, Mijatovic T, Korolyov A, Vaysse J, Malet-Martino M, Martino R, Kiss R..  (2009)  7-((4-Substituted)piperazin-1-yl) derivatives of ciprofloxacin: synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation as potential antitumor agents.,  17  (15): [PMID:19595598] [10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.053]

98. Chai Y, Wan ZL, Wang B, Guo HY, Liu ML..  (2009)  Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of 7-(4-alkoxyimino-3-amino-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)fluoroquinolone derivatives.,  44  (10): [PMID:19481308] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.04.041]

99. Güzeldemirci NU, Küçükbasmaci O..  (2010)  Synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of new 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles bearing imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole moiety.,  45  (1): [PMID:19939519] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.024]

100. Miguet L, Zervosen A, Gerards T, Pasha FA, Luxen A, Distèche-Nguyen M, Thomas A..  (2009)  Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.,  52  (19): [PMID:19746934] [10.1021/jm900625q]

101. Varma MV, Obach RS, Rotter C, Miller HR, Chang G, Steyn SJ, El-Kattan A, Troutman MD..  (2010)  Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.,  53  (3): [PMID:20070106] [10.1021/jm901371v]

102. Patel MN, Chhasatia MR, Gandhi DS..  (2009)  Interaction of drug based binuclear mixed-ligand complexes with DNA.,  17  (15): [PMID:19581101] [10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.023]

103. Miyauchi R, Kawakami K, Ito M, Matsuhashi N, Ohki H, Inagaki H, Takahashi H, Takemura M..  (2009)  Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel 7-[3-(1-aminocycloalkyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-desfluoro-8-methoxyquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.,  17  (19): [PMID:19736016] [10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.026]

104. Sui X, Sun J, Li H, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang W, Chen L, He Z..  (2009)  Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.,  44  (11): [PMID:19586686] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.06.004]

105. Brillault J, De Castro WV, Couet W..  (2010)  Relative contributions of active mediated transport and passive diffusion of fluoroquinolones with various lipophilicities in a Calu-3 lung epithelial cell model.,  54  (1): [PMID:19822706] [10.1128/aac.00733-09]

106. Bae S, Lee J, Lee J, Kim E, Lee S, Yu J, Kang Y..  (2010)  Antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae respiratory tract isolates in Korea: results of a nationwide acute respiratory infections surveillance.,  54  (1): [PMID:19884366] [10.1128/aac.00966-09]

107. Bulik CC, Christensen H, Nicolau DP..  (2010)  In vitro potency of CXA-101, a novel cephalosporin, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa displaying various resistance phenotypes, including multidrug resistance.,  54  (1): [PMID:19917762] [10.1128/aac.00912-09]

108. Sánchez MB, Martínez JL..  (2010)  SmQnr contributes to intrinsic resistance to quinolones in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.,  54  (1): [PMID:19841154] [10.1128/aac.00496-09]

109. Kim HB, Wang M, Ahmed S, Park CH, LaRocque RC, Faruque AS, Salam MA, Khan WA, Qadri F, Calderwood SB, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC..  (2010)  Transferable quinolone resistance in Vibrio cholerae.,  54  (2): [PMID:19949057] [10.1128/aac.01045-09]

110. Padilla E, Llobet E, Doménech-Sánchez A, Martínez-Martínez L, Bengoechea JA, Albertí S..  (2010)  Klebsiella pneumoniae AcrAB efflux pump contributes to antimicrobial resistance and virulence.,  54  (1): [PMID:19858254] [10.1128/aac.00715-09]

111. King P, Lomovskaya O, Griffith DC, Burns JL, Dudley MN..  (2010)  In vitro pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin and other aerosolized antibiotics under multiple conditions relevant to chronic pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis.,  54  (1): [PMID:19805554] [10.1128/aac.00248-09]

112. Montes M, Tamayo E, Orden B, Larruskain J, Perez-Trallero E..  (2010)  Prevalence and clonal characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Spain.,  54  (1): [PMID:19805559] [10.1128/aac.00780-09]

113. Credito K, Kosowska-Shick K, McGhee P, Pankuch GA, Appelbaum PC..  (2010)  Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.,  54  (2): [PMID:20008781] [10.1128/aac.01353-09]

114. Al-Trawneh SA, Zahra JA, Kamal MR, El-Abadelah MM, Zani F, Incerti M, Cavazzoni A, Alfieri RR, Petronini PG, Vicini P..  (2010)  Synthesis and biological evaluation of tetracyclic fluoroquinolones as antibacterial and anticancer agents.,  18  (16): [PMID:20667744] [10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.098]

115. Chai Y, Liu M, Wang B, You X, Feng L, Zhang Y, Cao J, Guo H..  (2010)  Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of novel fluoroquinolone derivatives containing substituted piperidines.,  20  (17): [PMID:20667731] [10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.006]

116. Pallecchi L, Riccobono E, Sennati S, Mantella A, Bartalesi F, Trigoso C, Gotuzzo E, Bartoloni A, Rossolini GM..  (2010)  Characterization of small ColE-like plasmids mediating widespread dissemination of the qnrB19 gene in commensal enterobacteria.,  54  (2): [PMID:20008783] [10.1128/aac.01160-09]

117. McGhee P, Clark C, Kosowska-Shick KM, Nagai K, Dewasse B, Beachel L, Appelbaum PC..  (2010)  In vitro activity of CEM-101 against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes with defined macrolide resistance mechanisms.,  54  (1): [PMID:19884376] [10.1128/aac.01123-09]

118. Hood MI, Jacobs AC, Sayood K, Dunman PM, Skaar EP..  (2010)  Acinetobacter baumannii increases tolerance to antibiotics in response to monovalent cations.,  54  (3): [PMID:20028819] [10.1128/aac.00963-09]

119. Aytemir MD, Ozçelik B..  (2010)  A study of cytotoxicity of novel chlorokojic acid derivatives with their antimicrobial and antiviral activities.,  45  (9): [PMID:20591538] [10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.05.069]

120. Lauderdale TL, Shiau YR, Lai JF, Chen HC, King CH..  (2010)  Comparative in vitro activities of nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, and other quinolones against clinical isolates.,  54  (3): [PMID:20065058] [10.1128/aac.01197-09]

121. Robledo IE, Aquino EE, Santé MI, Santana JL, Otero DM, León CF, Vázquez GJ..  (2010)  Detection of KPC in Acinetobacter spp. in Puerto Rico.,  54  (3): [PMID:20038618] [10.1128/aac.00899-09]

122. Gozalbes R, Pineda-Lucena A..  (2010)  QSAR-based solubility model for drug-like compounds.,  18  (19): [PMID:20810286] [10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.003]

123. Lehtopolku M, Nakari UM, Kotilainen P, Huovinen P, Siitonen A, Hakanen AJ..  (2010)  Antimicrobial susceptibilities of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains: in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobial agents.,  54  (3): [PMID:20038624] [10.1128/aac.00898-09]

124. Pinho MD, Melo-Cristino J, Ramirez M, Portuguese Group for the Study of Streptococcal Infections..  (2010)  Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and evidence for a shared global gene pool with Streptococcus pyogenes.,  54  (5): [PMID:20145082] [10.1128/aac.01377-09]

125. Wu HM, Janapatla RP, Ho YR, Hung KH, Wu CW, Yan JJ, Wu JJ..  (2008)  Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in group B streptococcal isolates in Taiwan.,  52  (5): [PMID:18299411] [10.1128/aac.00035-08]

126. Disratthakit A, Doi N..  (2010)  In vitro activities of DC-159a, a novel fluoroquinolone, against Mycobacterium species.,  54  (6): [PMID:20368403] [10.1128/aac.01545-09]

127. Balsalobre L, de la Campa AG..  (2008)  Fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae fluoroquinolone-resistant strains with topoisomerase IV recombinant genes.,  52  (3): [PMID:18160515] [10.1128/aac.00731-07]

128. de la Pedrosa EG, Morosini MI, van der Linden M, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Galán JC, Baquero F, Reinert RR, Cantón R..  (2008)  Polyclonal population structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Spain carrying mef and mef plus erm(B).,  52  (6): [PMID:18362188] [10.1128/aac.01487-07]

129. Stone GG, Girard D, Finegan S, Duignan J, Schafer J, Maloney M, Zaniewski RP, Brickner SJ, Wade SK, Le PT, Huband MD..  (2008)  In vitro antibacterial activity of CE-156811, a novel analog derived from hygromycin A.,  52  (7): [PMID:18426902] [10.1128/aac.01326-07]

130. Yamane K, Wachino J, Suzuki S, Arakawa Y..  (2008)  Plasmid-mediated qepA gene among Escherichia coli clinical isolates from Japan.,  52  (4): [PMID:18285488] [10.1128/aac.01137-07]

131. Urich SK, Petersen JM..  (2008)  In vitro susceptibility of isolates of Francisella tularensis types A and B from North America.,  52  (6): [PMID:18411318] [10.1128/aac.01584-07]

132. Lawrence L, Danese P, DeVito J, Franceschi F, Sutcliffe J..  (2008)  In vitro activities of the Rx-01 oxazolidinones against hospital and community pathogens.,  52  (5): [PMID:18316525] [10.1128/aac.01383-07]

133. Blango MG, Mulvey MA..  (2010)  Persistence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the face of multiple antibiotics.,  54  (5): [PMID:20231390] [10.1128/aac.00014-10]

134. Salas C, Calvo J, Martínez-Martínez L..  (2008)  Activity of Tigecycline against Coryneform Bacteria of Clinical Interest and Listeria monocytogenes.,  52  (4): [PMID:18227183] [10.1128/aac.01129-07]

135. Smith K, Ednie LM, Appelbaum PC, Hawser S, Lociuro S..  (2008)  Antistreptococcal activity of AR-709 compared to that of other agents.,  52  (6): [PMID:18362189] [10.1128/aac.01620-07]

136. Hsieh YC, Chang KY, Huang YC, Lin HC, Ho YH, Huang LM, Hsueh PR..  (2008)  Clonal spread of highly beta-lactam-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Taiwan.,  52  (6): [PMID:18413298] [10.1128/aac.00046-08]

137. Draghi DC, Benton BM, Krause KM, Thornsberry C, Pillar C, Sahm DF..  (2008)  Comparative surveillance study of telavancin activity against recently collected gram-positive clinical isolates from across the United States.,  52  (7): [PMID:18443115] [10.1128/aac.01641-07]

138. Ressner RA, Moore MR, Jorgensen JH..  (2008)  Activity of the Diaminopyrimidine AR-709 against recently collected multidrug-resistant isolates of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from North America.,  52  (3): [PMID:18180346] [10.1128/aac.01387-07]

139. Lin YC, Hsia KC, Chen YC, Sheng WH, Chang SC, Liao MH, Li SY..  (2010)  Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter clinical isolates in Taiwan.,  54  (5): [PMID:20194701] [10.1128/aac.01398-09]

140. Kaniga K, Flamm R, Tong SY, Lee M, Friedland I, Redman R..  (2010)  Worldwide experience with the use of doripenem against extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing and ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: analysis of six phase 3 clinical studies.,  54  (5): [PMID:20211892] [10.1128/aac.01450-09]

141. Mendes RE, Moet GJ, Janechek MJ, Jones RN..  (2010)  In vitro activity of telavancin against a contemporary worldwide collection of Staphylococcus aureus isolates.,  54  (6): [PMID:20385851] [10.1128/aac.00301-10]

142. Endimiani A, Carias LL, Hujer AM, Bethel CR, Hujer KM, Perez F, Hutton RA, Fox WR, Hall GS, Jacobs MR, Paterson DL, Rice LB, Jenkins SG, Tenover FC, Bonomo RA..  (2008)  Presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates possessing blaKPC in the United States.,  52  (7): [PMID:18426899] [10.1128/aac.00158-08]

143. Brown SD, Traczewski MM..  (2010)  Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activities of torezolid (TR-700), the active moiety of a new oxazolidinone, torezolid phosphate (TR-701), determination of tentative disk diffusion interpretive criteria, and quality control ranges.,  54  (5): [PMID:20231392] [10.1128/aac.01569-09]

144. Biedenbach DJ, Ross JE, Putnam SD, Jones RN..  (2010)  In vitro activity of fidaxomicin (OPT-80) tested against contemporary clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp.,  54  (5): [PMID:20308391] [10.1128/aac.00090-10]

145. Crandon JL, Bulik CC, Kuti JL, Nicolau DP..  (2010)  Clinical pharmacodynamics of cefepime in patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.,  54  (3): [PMID:20038614] [10.1128/aac.01183-09]

146. Sader HS, Fritsche TR, Jones RN..  (2008)  Antimicrobial activities of Ceftaroline and ME1036 tested against clinical strains of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.,  52  (3): [PMID:18180353] [10.1128/aac.01351-07]

147. Morrow BJ, He W, Amsler KM, Foleno BD, Macielag MJ, Lynch AS, Bush K..  (2010)  In vitro antibacterial activities of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.,  54  (5): [PMID:20176911] [10.1128/aac.01374-09]

148. Zhanel GG, DeCorby M, Laing N, Weshnoweski B, Vashisht R, Tailor F, Nichol KA, Wierzbowski A, Baudry PJ, Karlowsky JA, Lagacé-Wiens P, Walkty A, McCracken M, Mulvey MR, Johnson J, Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA), Hoban DJ..  (2008)  Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in intensive care units in Canada: results of the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (CAN-ICU) study, 2005-2006.,  52  (4): [PMID:18285482] [10.1128/aac.01538-07]

149. Baudry PJ, Nichol K, DeCorby M, Mataseje L, Mulvey MR, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG..  (2008)  Comparison of antimicrobial resistance profiles among extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing and acquired AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Canadian intensive care units.,  52  (5): [PMID:18299417] [10.1128/aac.01176-07]

150. Krause KM, Renelli M, Difuntorum S, Wu TX, Debabov DV, Benton BM..  (2008)  In vitro activity of telavancin against resistant gram-positive bacteria.,  52  (7): [PMID:18443122] [10.1128/aac.01398-07]

151. Laohavaleeson S, Tessier PR, Nicolau DP..  (2008)  Pharmacodynamic characterization of ceftobiprole in experimental pneumonia caused by phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains.,  52  (7): [PMID:18411322] [10.1128/aac.01422-07]

152. Critchley IA, Jacobs MR, Brown SD, Traczewski MM, Tillotson GS, Janjic N..  (2008)  Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.,  52  (7): [PMID:18443117] [10.1128/aac.00310-08]

153. Peloquin CA, Hadad DJ, Molino LP, Palaci M, Boom WH, Dietze R, Johnson JL..  (2008)  Population pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis.,  52  (3): [PMID:18070980] [10.1128/aac.01036-07]

154. Ressner RA, Griffith ME, Beckius ML, Pimentel G, Miller RS, Mende K, Fraser SL, Galloway RL, Hospenthal DR, Murray CK..  (2008)  Antimicrobial susceptibilities of geographically diverse clinical human isolates of Leptospira.,  52  (8): [PMID:18411316] [10.1128/aac.00044-08]

155. Hoshi S, Kikuchi K, Sasaki T, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Hiramatsu K..  (2008)  Postantibiotic effects and bactericidal activities of levofloxacin and gatifloxacin at concentrations simulating those of topical ophthalmic administration against fluoroquinolone-resistant and fluoroquinolone-sensitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.,  52  (8): [PMID:18490505] [10.1128/aac.01466-07]

156. Robertson GT, Bonventre EJ, Doyle TB, Du Q, Duncan L, Morris TW, Roche ED, Yan D, Lynch AS..  (2008)  In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: studies of the mode of action in Staphylococcus aureus.,  52  (7): [PMID:18443108] [10.1128/aac.01649-07]

157. Chmelnitsky I, Navon-Venezia S, Strahilevitz J, Carmeli Y..  (2008)  Plasmid-mediated qnrB2 and carbapenemase gene bla(KPC-2) carried on the same plasmid in carbapenem-resistant ciprofloxacin-susceptible Enterobacter cloacae isolates.,  52  (8): [PMID:18519713] [10.1128/aac.01341-07]

158. Moland ES, Craft DW, Hong SG, Kim SY, Hachmeister L, Sayed SD, Thomson KS..  (2008)  In vitro activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and selection of tigecycline-amikacin synergy.,  52  (8): [PMID:18519722] [10.1128/aac.01581-07]

159. Koga T, Masuda N, Kakuta M, Namba E, Sugihara C, Fukuoka T..  (2008)  Potent in vitro activity of tomopenem (CS-023) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.,  52  (8): [PMID:18519723] [10.1128/aac.00413-08]

160. Yang H, Chen H, Yang Q, Chen M, Wang H..  (2008)  High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from nine teaching hospitals in China.,  52  (12): [PMID:18809939] [10.1128/aac.00830-08]

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162. Pomba C, da Fonseca JD, Baptista BC, Correia JD, Martínez-Martínez L..  (2009)  Detection of the pandemic O25-ST131 human virulent Escherichia coli CTX-M-15-producing clone harboring the qnrB2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes in a dog.,  53  (1): [PMID:19001117] [10.1128/aac.00896-08]

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