Josamycin - ≥900U/mg, high purity , CAS No.16846-24-5

  • ≥900U/mg
Item Number
J463189
Grouped product items
SKUSizeAvailabilityPrice Qty
J463189-100mg
100mg
In stock
$199.90
J463189-250mg
250mg
In stock
$259.90
J463189-1g
1g
In stock
$439.90
View related series
Antibiotic

Basic Description

SynonymsHV13HFS217 | iosalide | (2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-{[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-4-(acetyloxy)-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy}-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy
Specifications & Purity≥900U/mg
Storage TempProtected from light,Store at -20°C,Argon charged
Shipped InIce chest + Ice pads
Product Description

Description

Chemical structure: macrolideJosamycin is used to study the modification of phagocytosis and cytokine production by macrolide antibiotics, immunomodulatory effects, the suppression of matrix metalloproteinase production as well as study bacteria protein synthesis at the level of the the 23S rRNA, 50S ribosomal subunit.

Product Properties

ALogP2.9

Associated Targets(Human)

ESR1 Tclin Estrogen receptor alpha (17718 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
NR3C1 Tclin Glucocorticoid receptor (14987 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PGR Tclin Progesterone receptor (8562 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRB2 Tclin Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (11824 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM2 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (10671 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRB1 Tclin Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (6630 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR1A Tclin Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor (14969 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA2A Tclin Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor (9450 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AR Tclin Androgen Receptor (11781 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM1 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (12690 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD2 Tclin Dopamine D2 receptor (23596 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
GABRA1 Tclin GABA receptor alpha-1 subunit (399 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MAOA Tclin Monoamine oxidase A (11911 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CNR1 Tclin Cannabinoid CB1 receptor (20913 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD1 Tclin Dopamine D1 receptor (9720 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS1 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-1 (9233 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A2 Tclin Norepinephrine transporter (10102 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH2 Tclin Histamine H2 receptor (5428 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2A Tclin Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor (14758 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2C Tclin Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor (11471 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AVPR2 Tclin Vasopressin V2 receptor (2912 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADORA1 Tclin Adenosine A1 receptor (17603 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AGTR1 Tclin Type-1 angiotensin II receptor (5176 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A4 Tclin Serotonin transporter (12625 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS2 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-2 (13999 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH1 Tclin Histamine H1 receptor (7573 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRM1 Tclin Mu opioid receptor (19785 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD3 Tclin Dopamine D3 receptor (14368 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AVPR1A Tclin Vasopressin V1a receptor (5412 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRD1 Tclin Delta opioid receptor (15096 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRK1 Tclin Kappa opioid receptor (16155 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR3A Tclin Serotonin 3a (5-HT3a) receptor (3366 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A3 Tclin Dopamine transporter (10535 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
GRIN1 Tclin Glutamate (NMDA) receptor subunit zeta 1 (122 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
KCNH2 Tclin HERG (29587 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CACNA1C Tclin Voltage-gated L-type calcium channel alpha-1C subunit (766 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PDE3A Tclin Phosphodiesterase 3A (3309 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC29A1 Tclin Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (1711 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA2B Tclin Alpha-2b adrenergic receptor (4412 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA2C Tclin Alpha-2c adrenergic receptor (4876 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM3 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (7750 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2B Tclin Serotonin 2b (5-HT2b) receptor (10323 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
TBXA2R Tclin Thromboxane A2 receptor (5717 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADORA2A Tclin Adenosine A2a receptor (16305 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADORA3 Tchem Adenosine A3 receptor (15931 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
BDKRB2 Tclin Bradykinin B2 receptor (3970 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRNA4 Tclin Neuronal acetylcholine receptor protein alpha-4 subunit (1265 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MC3R Tchem Melanocortin receptor 3 (5659 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MLNR Tchem Motilin receptor (1724 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
GHSR Tclin Ghrelin receptor (6229 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID

Associated Targets(non-human)

Mc4r Melanocortin receptor 4 (1205 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Npy1r Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 (8 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cckar Cholecystokinin A receptor (90 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Pde4d Phosphodiesterase 4D (4 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Abcb1a P-glycoprotein 3 (492 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Streptococcus pneumoniae (31063 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Klebsiella pneumoniae (43867 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Staphylococcus aureus (210822 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Staphylococcus epidermidis (22802 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Escherichia coli (133304 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Chlamydia trachomatis (699 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mycoplasmoides pneumoniae (351 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Enterococcus faecalis (29875 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
rep Replicase polyprotein 1ab (378 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Bacillus spizizenii (1898 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Chlamydia psittaci 6BC (27 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
rpsB Bacterial 70S ribosome (328 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Streptomyces acidiscabies (73 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Streptomyces scabiei (197 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Streptomyces alboniger (61 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID

Mechanisms of Action

Mechanism of ActionAction Typetarget IDTarget NameTarget TypeTarget OrganismBinding Site NameReferences

Names and Identifiers

IUPAC Name [(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate
INCHI InChI=1S/C42H69NO15/c1-23(2)19-32(47)56-40-27(6)53-34(22-42(40,8)50)57-37-26(5)54-41(36(49)35(37)43(9)10)58-38-29(17-18-44)20-24(3)30(46)16-14-12-13-15-25(4)52-33(48)21-31(39(38)51-11)55-28(7)45/h12-14,16,18,23-27,29-31,34-41,46,49-50H,15,17,19-22H2,1-11H3/b13-12+,16-14+/t24-,25-,26-,27+,29+,30+,31-,34+,35-,36-,37-,38+,39+,40+,41+,42-/m1/s1
InChi Key XJSFLOJWULLJQS-NGVXBBESSA-N
Canonical SMILES CC1CC=CC=CC(C(CC(C(C(C(CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)OC3CC(C(C(O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O
Isomeric SMILES C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O
PubChem CID 5282165
Molecular Weight 827.99

Certificates

Certificate of Analysis(COA)

Enter Lot Number to search for COA:

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9 results found

Lot NumberCertificate TypeDateItem
H2416467Certificate of AnalysisJul 20, 2024 J463189
H2416468Certificate of AnalysisJul 20, 2024 J463189
C2408009Certificate of AnalysisJul 26, 2023 J463189
H2318114Certificate of AnalysisJul 26, 2023 J463189
H2318115Certificate of AnalysisJul 26, 2023 J463189
H2318116Certificate of AnalysisJul 26, 2023 J463189
H2318117Certificate of AnalysisJul 26, 2023 J463189
H2318118Certificate of AnalysisJul 26, 2023 J463189
H2318119Certificate of AnalysisJul 26, 2023 J463189

Chemical and Physical Properties

SensitivityMoisture sensitive;Light sensitive

Safety and Hazards(GHS)

Pictogram(s) GHS07
Signal Warning
Hazard Statements

H302:Harmful if swallowed

Precautionary Statements

P501:Dispose of contents/container to ...

P264:Wash hands [and …] thoroughly after handling.

P270:Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P330:Rinse mouth.

P301+P317:IF SWALLOWED: Get medical help.

Related Documents

References

1. U Colombo,G Pifarotti,M Amidani,T Viezzoli,P Pifarotti.  (1999-01-12)  [Rokitamycin in the treatment of female genital Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections. Comparative study vs josamycin ]..  Minerva ginecologica,  50  ((11)): (491-497).  [PMID:9882991]
2. Martin Lovmar,Tanel Tenson,Måns Ehrenberg.  (2004-09-24)  Kinetics of macrolide action: the josamycin and erythromycin cases..  The Journal of biological chemistry,  279  ((51)): (53506-53515).  [PMID:15385552]
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5. Rachel Binet,Anthony T Maurelli.  (2007-10-03)  Frequency of development and associated physiological cost of azithromycin resistance in Chlamydia psittaci 6BC and C. trachomatis L2..  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy,  51  ((12)): (4267-4275).  [PMID:17908942]
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9. Adeline Achard,Véronique Guérin-Faublée,Vianney Pichereau,Corinne Villers,Roland Leclercq.  (2008-06-04)  Emergence of macrolide resistance gene mph(B) in Streptococcus uberis and cooperative effects with rdmC-like gene..  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy,  52  ((8)): (2767-2770).  [PMID:18519724]
10. Deli Xin,Zuhuang Mi,Xu Han,Ling Qin,Jing Li,Tianli Wei,Xiaogeng Chen,Shaojie Ma,Ancun Hou,Gui Li,Dawei Shi.  (2009-03-11)  Molecular mechanisms of macrolide resistance in clinical isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from China..  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy,  53  ((5)): (2158-2159).  [PMID:19273685]
11. Martin Lovmar,Vladimir Vimberg,Eliisa Lukk,Karin Nilsson,Tanel Tenson,Måns Ehrenberg.  (2009-05-26)  Cis-acting resistance peptides reveal dual ribosome inhibitory action of the macrolide josamycin..  Biochimie,  91  ((8)): (989-995).  [PMID:19463886]
12. H See,J Lachenaud,C Alberti,P Mariani-Kurkdjian,Y Aujard,O Baud.  (2010-01-09)  Outcome of very preterm infants with Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma airway colonization treated with josamycine..  Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992),  99  ((4)): (625-626).  [PMID:20055775]
13. Yun Zhou,Xue-Lan Xu,Chun-Ping Wang,Ming Zhou,Xiu-Hua Zeng.  (2011-10-08)  [Detection and the antibiotic susceptibility analysis of mycoplasma and chlamydia in urogenital tract infections of 327 cases patients with tubal infertility]..  Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology,  25  ((3)): (201-204).  [PMID:21977592]
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15. I V Semenova,O A Gizinger,O R Ziganshina,Iu A Semenov,I I Dolgushin,O I Letiaeva.  (2012-08-23)  [The influence of ultrasonic radiation on the factors of antimicrobial resistance in the women of reproductive age presenting with mycoplasma infection of the urogenital tract]..  Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury,    ((2)(2)): (23-27).  [PMID:22908470]
16. Lihong Gao,Yali Shi,Wenhui Li,Jiemin Liu,Yaqi Cai.  (2015-03-26)  Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in urban soil in Beijing and Shanghai, China..  Environmental science and pollution research international,  22  ((15)): (11360-11371).  [PMID:25804657]
17. Maki Kanda,Takayuki Nakajima,Hiroshi Hayashi,Tsuneo Hashimoto,Setsuko Kanai,Chieko Nagano,Yoko Matsushima,Yukinari Tateishi,Soichi Yoshikawa,Yumi Tsuruoka,Takeo Sasamoto,Ichiro Takano.  (2015-04-11)  Multi-residue Determination of Polar Veterinary Drugs in Livestock and Fishery Products by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry..  Journal of AOAC International,  98  ((1)): (230-247).  [PMID:25857903]
18. Qiang Xue,Yanjie Qi,Fei Liu.  (2015-06-25)  Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibiotic residues in environmental waters..  Environmental science and pollution research international,  22  ((21)): (16857-16867).  [PMID:26104902]
19. Wenhui Li,Lihong Gao,Yali Shi,Jiemin Liu,Yaqi Cai.  (2015-08-08)  Occurrence, distribution and risks of antibiotics in urban surface water in Beijing, China..  Environmental science. Processes & impacts,  17  ((9)): (1611-1619).  [PMID:26245300]
20. I Querol Nasarre,M T Cisneros Lanuza,E Urbiola Marcilla.  (1993-09-01)  [A tick bite and lymphadenosis benigna cutis in childhood. Their treatment with josamycin]..  Anales espanoles de pediatria,  39  ((3)): (251-254).  [PMID:8250442]
21. Biyang Deng,Yanhui Kang,Xianfeng Li,Qiumei Xu.  (2007-10-12)  Determination of josamycin in rat plasma by capillary electrophoresis coupled with post-column electrochemiluminescence detection..  Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences,  859  ((1)): (125-130).  [PMID:17928277]
22. Xue-Mei Ou,Yu-Ling Feng,Fu-Qiang Wen,Ke Wang,Jie Yang,Zhi-Pin Deng,Dai-Shun Liu,Yan-Ping Li.  (2008-01-17)  Macrolides attenuate mucus hypersecretion in rat airways through inactivation of NF-kappaB..  Respirology (Carlton, Vic.),  13  ((1)): (63-72).  [PMID:18197913]
23. Yu-Hong Min,Ae-Ran Kwon,Jong-Min Yoon,Eun-Jeong Yoon,Mi-Ja Shim,Eung-Chil Choi.  (2008-04-15)  Molecular analysis of constitutive mutations in ermB and ermA selected in vitro from inducibly MLSB-resistant enterococci..  Archives of pharmacal research,  31  ((3)): (377-380).  [PMID:18409053]
24. A A Khrianin,O V Reshetnikov.  (2008-11-07)  [Is it safe to use josamycin in the obstetrics practice in Russia?]..  Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic],  52  ((7-8)): (32-36).  [PMID:18986022]
25. Piotr Przybylski,Krystian Pyta,Bogumil Brzezinski.  (2009-07-02)  Fragmentation pathways of new aza derivatives of 16-membered macrolide antibiotic--analog of Josamycin investigated by ESI and FAB mass spectrometric methods..  Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS,  44  ((9)): (1395-1401).  [PMID:19569070]
26. Piotr Przybylski,Krystian Pyta,Joanna Stefańska,Bogumil Brzezinski,Franz Bartl.  (2010-02-27)  Structure elucidation, complete NMR assignment and PM5 theoretical studies of new hydroxy-aminoalkyl-alpha,beta-unsaturated derivatives of the macrolide antibiotic josamycin..  Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC,  48  ((4)): (286-296).  [PMID:20186698]
27. Takeshi Shimizu,Shino Shimizu.  (2012-05-12)  Azithromycin inhibits mucus hypersecretion from airway epithelial cells..  Mediators of inflammation,  2012  (265714-265714).  [PMID:22577246]

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