Retinoic acid - 98%, high purity , CAS No.302-79-4

17 Citations
Item Number
R106320
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R106320-500mg
500mg
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1g
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5g
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10g
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25g
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Vitamin A metabolite. Stem cell differentiator.

Basic Description

Synonyms(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid | TRETINOIN COMPONENT OF ZIANA | Tretinoina (INN-Spanish) | Avita (0.025% gel) | Retinoate | Tretinoina [INN-Spanish] | b-Retinoic acid | Tretinoin [USAN:USP:INN:
Specifications & PurityMoligand™, ≥98%
Biochemical and Physiological MechanismsDescription: IC50 Value: N/A All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been widely investigated for treatments of many cancers including prostate cancer. in vitro: ATRA was able to induce the growth arrest and to increase HOXB13 expression in AR?prostate cancer
Storage TempStore at -20°C,Argon charged
Shipped InIce chest + Ice pads
GradeMoligand™
NoteWherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C. Generally, these will be useable for up to one month. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please visit our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page for more details.
Product Description

all?trans?Retinoic acid (ATRA) is a ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The bound RAR and RXR act as transcription factors that regulate the growth and differentiation of both normal and malignant cells. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) catalyze the 4-hydroxylation of ATRA. Retinoic acid primes embryonic stem cells to become neurons.

Product Properties

ALogP6.3

Associated Targets(Human)

RARG Tclin Retinoic acid receptor gamma (44 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
RXRG Tclin Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma (2 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
RXRB Tclin Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta (3 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
RORB Tchem Nuclear receptor ROR-beta (3 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
RXRA Tclin Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha (4 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
PIN1 Tchem Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (3 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
RARB Tclin Retinoic acid receptor beta (44 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
RARA Tclin Retinoic acid receptor alpha (31 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
NR2C2 Tchem Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
APP Tclin Amyloid-beta A4 protein (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
PPARD Tchem Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
PDE5A Tclin Phosphodiesterase 5A (5113 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
EGFR Tclin Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 (33727 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
F2 Tclin Thrombin (11687 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CA2 Tclin Carbonic anhydrase II (17698 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ESR1 Tclin Estrogen receptor alpha (17718 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HMGCR Tclin HMG-CoA reductase (2475 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
NR3C1 Tclin Glucocorticoid receptor (14987 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
INSR Tclin Insulin receptor (5558 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PGR Tclin Progesterone receptor (8562 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRB2 Tclin Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (11824 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM2 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (10671 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRB1 Tclin Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (6630 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR1A Tclin Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor (14969 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA2A Tclin Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor (9450 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AR Tclin Androgen Receptor (11781 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
RARA Tclin Retinoic acid receptor alpha (1324 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM1 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (12690 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
VDR Tclin Vitamin D receptor (26531 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ACE Tclin Angiotensin-converting enzyme (1423 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD2 Tclin Dopamine D2 receptor (23596 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
TYR Tclin Tyrosinase (717 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MAOA Tclin Monoamine oxidase A (11911 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CNR1 Tclin Cannabinoid CB1 receptor (20913 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD1 Tclin Dopamine D1 receptor (9720 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD4 Tchem Dopamine D4 receptor (7907 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ACHE Tclin Acetylcholinesterase (18204 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS1 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-1 (9233 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A2 Tclin Norepinephrine transporter (10102 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH2 Tclin Histamine H2 receptor (5428 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1D Tclin Alpha-1d adrenergic receptor (4171 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR1B Tclin Serotonin 1b (5-HT1b) receptor (2801 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2A Tclin Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor (14758 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2C Tclin Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor (11471 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADORA1 Tclin Adenosine A1 receptor (17603 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CALCR Tclin Calcitonin receptor (2215 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A4 Tclin Serotonin transporter (12625 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1A Tclin Alpha-1a adrenergic receptor (8359 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS2 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-2 (13999 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH1 Tclin Histamine H1 receptor (7573 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1B Tclin Alpha-1b adrenergic receptor (2912 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRM1 Tclin Mu opioid receptor (19785 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD3 Tclin Dopamine D3 receptor (14368 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PPARG Tclin Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (15191 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AVPR1A Tclin Vasopressin V1a receptor (5412 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRD1 Tclin Delta opioid receptor (15096 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRK1 Tclin Kappa opioid receptor (16155 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A3 Tclin Dopamine transporter (10535 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
KCNH2 Tclin HERG (29587 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR4 Tclin Serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor (2068 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PDE3A Tclin Phosphodiesterase 3A (3309 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID

Associated Targets(non-human)

Agtr2 Angiotensin II type 2 (AT-2) receptor (803 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mc4r Melanocortin receptor 4 (1205 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ltc4s Leukotriene C4 synthase (1 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Sigmar1 Sigma opioid receptor (160 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Npy1r Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 (8 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cruzipain (33337 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cckar Cholecystokinin A receptor (90 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ppard Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (358 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Abcb1b P-glycoprotein 1 (174 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Nos2 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible (3573 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mapk1 MAP kinase ERK2 (650 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mmp2 Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (12 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Hdac6 Histone deacetylase 6 (222 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Tdo2 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (8 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mmp9 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (38 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Abcb1a P-glycoprotein 3 (492 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (123386 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Klebsiella pneumoniae (43867 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Staphylococcus aureus (210822 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Acinetobacter baumannii (41033 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Escherichia coli (133304 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (19171 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Plasmodium falciparum (966862 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cryptococcus neoformans (21258 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Candida albicans (78123 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (1538 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Oryctolagus cuniculus (11301 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mus musculus (284745 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Rattus norvegicus (775804 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cricetinae gen. sp. (3197 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
F9 (77 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MDCK (10148 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
N2a (708 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P19 (309 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
RAW264.7 (28094 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
S91 (48 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
3LLD122 (4 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
H4 (48 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
lef Anthrax lethal factor (7585 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Hamster (598 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
GCN5 Histone acetyltransferase GCN5 (89 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Luciferin 4-monooxygenase (66902 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
rep Replicase polyprotein 1ab (378 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
pfk 6-phospho-1-fructokinase (7870 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Txnrd1 Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic (45279 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
BCHE Cholinesterase (8742 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trachea (5 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ido1 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (313 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
TGR Thioredoxin glutathione reductase (28579 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mapt Microtubule-associated protein tau (6 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID

Names and Identifiers

IUPAC Name (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid
INCHI InChI=1S/C20H28O2/c1-15(8-6-9-16(2)14-19(21)22)11-12-18-17(3)10-7-13-20(18,4)5/h6,8-9,11-12,14H,7,10,13H2,1-5H3,(H,21,22)/b9-6+,12-11+,15-8+,16-14+
InChi Key SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N
Canonical SMILES CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC(=O)O)C)C
Isomeric SMILES CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C(=O)O)/C)/C
WGK Germany 2
RTECS VH6475000
PubChem CID 444795
Molecular Weight 300.44
Beilstein 2057223
Reaxy-Rn 2057223

Certificates

Certificate of Analysis(COA)

Enter Lot Number to search for COA:

Find and download the COA for your product by matching the lot number on the packaging.

10 results found

Lot NumberCertificate TypeDateItem
C2429737Certificate of AnalysisMar 08, 2024 R106320
D2418103Certificate of AnalysisJul 28, 2022 R106320
K2215765Certificate of AnalysisJul 28, 2022 R106320
K2215886Certificate of AnalysisJul 28, 2022 R106320
K2215888Certificate of AnalysisJul 28, 2022 R106320
K2215889Certificate of AnalysisJul 28, 2022 R106320
K2215890Certificate of AnalysisJul 28, 2022 R106320
F2406031Certificate of AnalysisDec 09, 2021 R106320
G2315039Certificate of AnalysisDec 09, 2021 R106320
L2103038Certificate of AnalysisDec 09, 2021 R106320

Chemical and Physical Properties

SolubilitySoluble in ethanol, acetate, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, methanol, acetone and dichloromethane. Insoluble in water and ether.
Sensitivityair & light sensitive;
Melt Point(°C)180-181°C

Safety and Hazards(GHS)

Pictogram(s) GHS08,   GHS07
Signal Danger
Hazard Statements

H315:Causes skin irritation

H319:Causes serious eye irritation

H335:May cause respiratory irritation

H360:May damage fertility or the unborn child

Precautionary Statements

P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.

P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do - continue rinsing.

P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P302+P352:IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of water.

P321:Specific treatment (see ... on this label).

P405:Store locked up.

P501:Dispose of contents/container to ...

P264:Wash hands [and …] thoroughly after handling.

P271:Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P304+P340:IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

P403+P233:Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

P362+P364:Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

P203:Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.

P264+P265:Wash hands [and …] thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.

P318:if exposed or concerned, get medical advice.

P337+P317:If eye irritation persists: Get medical help.

P332+P317:If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.

P319:Get medical help if you feel unwell.

WGK Germany 2
RTECS VH6475000
Reaxy-Rn 2057223
Merck Index 8165

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References

1. Zhou TB et al..  (2014)  Effect of all-trans retinoic acid treatment on prohibitin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system expression in hypoxia-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury..  J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst,  15  (3): (243-9).  [PMID:25031298]
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