Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) is a potent antihyperglycemic agent and a potent thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer with IC50 of 12, 4 and 9 nM for rat, 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes, respectively. Rosiglitazone is a pure ligand of P In vitro
Rosiglitazone markedly increase phosphorylation of threonine 172 within the α subunit of AMPK, with increased AMP:ATP ratio. Rosiglitazone has been reported to decrease cholesterol synthesis in a number of cell lines in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-independent manner. Rosiglitazone activates both α1- and α2-containing AMPK complexes, and this leads to a marked increase in the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Rosiglitazone activates PPAR-gamma2 which acts as a dominant inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis in murine bone marrow in vitro. Rosiglitazone increases adiponectin secretion from omental cells up to 2.3-fold higher, whereas secretion from subcutaneous adipose cells is unaffected. Rosiglitazone changes the morphological features and protein profiles of mitochondria in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
In vivo
Rosiglitazone administration results in significant bone loss, including a decrease in bone volume, trabecular width, and trabecular number and an increase in trabecular spacing. Rosiglitazone also leads to a decrease in bone formation rate, with a simultaneous increase in fat content in the bone marrow. Rosiglitazone decreases the expression of the osteoblast-specific genes Runx2/Cbfa1, Dlx5, and alpha1(I)collagen, whereas the expression of the adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein aP2 is increased. Rosiglitazone upregulates gene transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins in white adipocytes from ob/ob mice accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial mass and changes in mitochondrial structure. Cell Data
