suramin , CAS No.145-63-1, Antagonist of P2X1;Antagonist of P2X2;Antagonist of P2X3;Antagonist of P2X5;Antagonist of P2Y 11 receptor;Antagonist of P2Y 13 receptor;Antagonist of P2Y 1 receptor;Antagonist of P2Y 2 receptor;Antagonist of P2Y 6 receptor;Activator of RyR1;Activator of R

Item Number
S614267
Grouped product items
SKUSizeAvailabilityPrice Qty
S614267-5mg
5mg
Available within 8-12 weeks(?)
Production requires sourcing of materials. We appreciate your patience and understanding.
$570.90
S614267-25mg
25mg
Available within 8-12 weeks(?)
Production requires sourcing of materials. We appreciate your patience and understanding.
$2,000.90

Basic Description

Synonymssuramin | Naganol | Suramine | Fourneau | Farma | 145-63-1 | Germanin | Belganyl | Naphuride | Sodium suramin | Naganin | Farma 939 | Antrypol | Moranyl | Metaret | Naganine | Suramine sodium | Bayer 205 | NSC-34936 | FARMA-939 | m,m'-Ureylen-bis-(8-(m-(benzamido)-p-toluamido)naphthalin-1,3,5-t
Specifications & PurityMoligand™
GradeMoligand™
Action TypeACTIVATOR, ANTAGONIST
Mechanism of actionAntagonist of P2X1;Antagonist of P2X2;Antagonist of P2X3;Antagonist of P2X5;Antagonist of P2Y 11 receptor;Antagonist of P2Y 13 receptor;Antagonist of P2Y 1 receptor;Antagonist of P2Y 2 receptor;Antagonist of P2Y 6 receptor;Activator of RyR1;Activator of R

Associated Targets(Human)

RYR1 Tclin Ryanodine receptor 1 (0 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
RYR2 Tclin Ryanodine receptor 2 (0 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RX5 Tchem P2X purinoceptor 5 (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RX3 Tclin P2X purinoceptor 3 (3 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RY1 Tchem P2Y purinoceptor 1 (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RY2 Tclin P2Y purinoceptor 2 (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RY6 Tchem P2Y purinoceptor 6 (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RX2 Tchem P2X purinoceptor 2 (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RY11 Tchem P2Y purinoceptor 11 (0 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RY13 Tchem P2Y purinoceptor 13 (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
P2RX1 Tchem P2X purinoceptor 1 (1 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
F2 Tclin Thrombin (11687 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ESR1 Tclin Estrogen receptor alpha (17718 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PGR Tclin Progesterone receptor (8562 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM2 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (10671 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR1A Tclin Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor (14969 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA2A Tclin Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor (9450 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AR Tclin Androgen Receptor (11781 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM1 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (12690 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
VDR Tclin Vitamin D receptor (26531 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MAOA Tclin Monoamine oxidase A (11911 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD1 Tclin Dopamine D1 receptor (9720 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ACHE Tclin Acetylcholinesterase (18204 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS1 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-1 (9233 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A2 Tclin Norepinephrine transporter (10102 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A4 Tclin Serotonin transporter (12625 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1A Tclin Alpha-1a adrenergic receptor (8359 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRM1 Tclin Mu opioid receptor (19785 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD3 Tclin Dopamine D3 receptor (14368 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A3 Tclin Dopamine transporter (10535 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
KCNH2 Tclin HERG (29587 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PDE3A Tclin Phosphodiesterase 3A (3309 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RY12 Tclin Purinergic receptor P2Y12 (2369 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2B Tclin Serotonin 2b (5-HT2b) receptor (10323 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
TBXA2R Tclin Thromboxane A2 receptor (5717 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PDE4A Tclin Phosphodiesterase 4A (1943 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADORA3 Tchem Adenosine A3 receptor (15931 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RY6 Tchem Pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6 (717 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PRKDC Tchem DNA-dependent protein kinase (1929 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RX5 Tchem P2X purinoceptor 5 (52 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH3 Tclin Histamine H3 receptor (10389 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CTSB Tchem Cathepsin B (3822 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RX4 Tchem P2X purinoceptor 4 (516 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RX7 Tchem P2X purinoceptor 7 (5534 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RX1 Tchem P2X purinoceptor 1 (328 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RY4 Tchem Pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4 (598 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RY1 Tchem Purinergic receptor P2Y1 (1327 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
GBA1 Tclin Beta-glucocerebrosidase (14647 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RY11 Tchem Purinergic receptor P2Y11 (134 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ALOX15B Tchem Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, type II (7244 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
KDR Tclin Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (20924 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CYP2D6 Tclin Cytochrome P450 2D6 (33882 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RY2 Tclin Purinergic receptor P2Y2 (1109 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
NR1I2 Tchem Pregnane X receptor (6667 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CYP1A2 Tchem Cytochrome P450 1A2 (26471 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PIN1 Tchem Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (36611 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CYP2C9 Tchem Cytochrome P450 2C9 (32119 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CYP2C19 Tchem Cytochrome P450 2C19 (29246 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CYP3A4 Tclin Cytochrome P450 3A4 (53859 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Homo sapiens (32628 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
A498 (42825 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID

Associated Targets(non-human)

pol Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (9113 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
pol Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (18245 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2rx2 P2X purinoceptor 2 (106 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2rx3 P2X purinoceptor 3 (632 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2rx6 P2X purinoceptor 6 (9 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
polC DNA polymerase III (243 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ENTPD1 Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (16 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Hdac6 Histone deacetylase 6 (222 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ptpn1 Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (270 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Pkm Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (66 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Pklr Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L (113 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Entpd2 Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (37 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (123386 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Klebsiella pneumoniae (43867 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Staphylococcus aureus (210822 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Acinetobacter baumannii (41033 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Escherichia coli (133304 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (19171 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania infantum (5912 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trypanosoma brucei (78846 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trypanosoma brucei brucei (13300 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Plasmodium falciparum (966862 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cryptococcus neoformans (21258 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Candida albicans (78123 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania amazonensis (3813 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania donovani (89745 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trypanosoma cruzi (99888 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cavia porcellus (23802 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Litomosoides carinii (257 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mus musculus (284745 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Rattus norvegicus (775804 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Dengue virus (413 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (7991 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
B16 (5829 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
J774.A1 (2436 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Vero (26788 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
L6 (7924 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
J774 (3120 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
rhodesain Rhodesain (1463 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
lef Anthrax lethal factor (7585 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
GCN5 Histone acetyltransferase GCN5 (89 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Luciferin 4-monooxygenase (66902 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
rep Replicase polyprotein 1ab (378 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
pfk 6-phospho-1-fructokinase (7870 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
P2RY1 P2Y purinoceptor 1 (470 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HST2 NAD-dependent deacetylase HST2 (97 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Txnrd1 Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic (45279 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Leishmania mexicana mexicana (27 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Plasma (328 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
rmtA RmtA (95 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID

Names and Identifiers

IUPAC Name 8-[[4-methyl-3-[[3-[[3-[[2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfonaphthalen-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]carbamoylamino]benzoyl]amino]benzoyl]amino]naphthalene-1,3,5-trisulfonic acid
INCHI InChI=1S/C51H40N6O23S6/c1-25-9-11-29(49(60)54-37-13-15-41(83(69,70)71)35-21-33(81(63,64)65)23-43(45(35)37)85(75,76)77)19-39(25)56-47(58)27-5-3-7-31(17-27)52-51(62)53-32-8-4-6-28(18-32)48(59)57-40-20-30(12-10-26(40)2)50(61)55-38-14-16-42(84(72,73)74)36-22-34(82(66,67)68)24-44(46(36)38)86(78,79)80/h3-24H,1-2H3,(H,54,60)(H,55,61)(H,56,58)(H,57,59)(H2,52,53,62)(H,63,64,65)(H,66,67,68)(H,69,70,71)(H,72,73,74)(H,75,76,77)(H,78,79,80)
InChi Key FIAFUQMPZJWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=C3C(=CC(=CC3=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)NC(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)NC(=O)NC5=CC=CC(=C5)C(=O)NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)C(=O)NC7=C8C(=CC(=CC8=C(C=C7)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)C
Isomeric SMILES CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=C3C(=CC(=CC3=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)NC(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)NC(=O)NC5=CC=CC(=C5)C(=O)NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)C(=O)NC7=C8C(=CC(=CC8=C(C=C7)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)C
Alternate CAS 145-63-1,129-46-4,129-46-4 (hexa-hydrochloride salt)
PubChem CID 5361
NSC Number 34936
MeSH Entry Terms Germanin;Hexasodium Salt Suramin;Monosodium Salt Suramin;Moranil;Naganin;Naganol;Naphuride;Salt Suramin, Hexasodium;Salt Suramin, Monosodium;Sodium, Suramin;Suramin;Suramin Sodium;Suramin, Hexasodium Salt;Suramin, Monosodium Salt

Certificates

Certificate of Analysis(COA)

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References

1. Khakh BS, Burnstock G, Kennedy C, King BF, North RA, Séguéla P, Voigt M, Humphrey PP.  (2001)  International union of pharmacology. XXIV. Current status of the nomenclature and properties of P2X receptors and their subunits..  Pharmacol Rev,  53  (1): (107-18).  [PMID:11171941]
2. Abbracchio MP, Burnstock G, Boeynaems JM, Barnard EA, Boyer JL, Kennedy C, Knight GE, Fumagalli M, Gachet C, Jacobson KA et al..  (2006)  International Union of Pharmacology LVIII: update on the P2Y G protein-coupled nucleotide receptors: from molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology to therapy..  Pharmacol Rev,  58  (3): (281-341).  [PMID:16968944]
3. Wolner I, Kassack MU, Ullmann H, Karel A, Hohenegger M.  (2005)  Use-dependent inhibition of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor by the suramin analogue NF676..  Br J Pharmacol,  146  (4): (525-33).  [PMID:16056233]
4. Naviaux RK, Zolkipli Z, Wang L, Nakayama T, Naviaux JC, Le TP, Schuchbauer MA, Rogac M, Tang Q, Dugan LL et al..  (2013)  Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the poly(IC) mouse model..  PLoS ONE,  (3): (e57380).  [PMID:23516405]
5. Naviaux JC, Schuchbauer MA, Li K, Wang L, Risbrough VB, Powell SB, Naviaux RK.  (2014)  Reversal of autism-like behaviors and metabolism in adult mice with single-dose antipurinergic therapy..  Transl Psychiatry,  (3): (e400).  [PMID:24937094]
6. Naviaux JC, Wang L, Li K, Bright AT, Alaynick WA, Williams KR, Powell SB, Naviaux RK.  (2015)  Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the Fragile X (Fmr1 knockout) mouse model..  Mol Autism,  (3): (1).  [PMID:25705365]

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